UNITED STATES DURING THE GREAT WAR. 41 



feet and a maximum breadth of 52 feet. The second division consists of Classes D, 

 E, and F, and includes all ships larger than 345 feet in length and 52 feet in breadth. 

 Plants included in the second division are building vessels of 7,500 deadweight tons 

 or greater. Plants have been given arbitrary numbers for convenience of reference 

 in compiling and plotting the data. 



In order to show more clearly the relative value of the work done in the plants 

 building ships of different deadweight tonnage, the yards are classified in order of 

 equivalent deadweight tonnage. It will be readily understood that the completion 

 of three 3,500 deadweight-ton ships is a greater undertaking than the completion 

 of one 10,500 deadweight-ton ship, although the actual tonnage is the same. There- 

 fore a table of coefficients previously adopted and in use for just such purposes was 

 used and applied to the actual deadweight-ton figures in making a comparison of the 

 output of the yards building different sizes or types of ships. In this table a 7,500 

 deadweight-ton cargo ship has been used as a standard, with a coefficient of one. 

 The deadweight ton and the equivalent deadweight tons (E. D. W. T.) of the 7,500- 

 ton ship are therefore the same. The coefficient for a 3,500 deadweight-ton cargo 

 ship is 1.5, and therefore the E. D. W. T. f )r three 3,500 deadweight-ton ships on this 

 basis would be three times 3,500 times 1.5 or 15,750 equivalent deadweight tons. The 

 coefficient for a 10,500-ton cargo ship is 0.81 and the E. D. W. T. for this ship 

 would therefore be 8,505. 



By making this transposition of the yards considered, the E. D. W. T. becomes 

 the standard of measurement of output for the purpose of relative comparison of 

 the forces necessary to produce that output. All plants considered have been com- 

 pared on the basis of average and maximum E. D. W. T., average and maximum 

 steel tonnage, and average and maximum deadweight tons. 



^Chart A, Plate 14, shows the average and maximum output per annum of 

 Classes B and C plants in tons of steel, in deadweight tons and equivalent dead- 

 weight tons, the plants being arranged on the left of the chart in the order of maxi- 

 mum equivalent deadweight tons, the largest first. The number of ways used in 

 obtaining the output are also shown on the left of the charts. On the right the plants 

 are arranged in order of maximum equivalent deadweight tons per way, the largest 

 first. In the center of the chart are arranged the six leading yards, plotted on the 

 basis of the average E. D. W. T. per way. For the purpose of comparison an aver- 

 age line representing the total output of yards with from three to ten ways has been 

 plotted, and the actual total output of the six yards compared has been plotted 

 against this line. < 



Chart B, Plate 15, shows the same data except that the plants have been 

 arranged in the order of the maximum tons of steel produced. In the center of the 

 chart are shown the six plants leading in the production on a steel tonnage basis. 



Chart C, Plate 16, shows the second division of plants arranged in the order of 

 the maximum equivalent deadweight tons with maximum production per way on the 

 right. In the center the twelve plants leading in maximum equivalent deadweight 

 tons per way are compared separately. Such a marked difference appears between 



