FROM A MANAGEMENT VIEWPOINT. 53 



economical building program is 113-30 at a man efificiency of 35 deadweight tons. 

 Corresponding to thi.s program (see Plate 22), the fabricating capacity should be 100 

 tons. The number of ways corresponding to the above would be five, consequently 

 a five- way yard with 100 tons fabricating capacity would be in a better position to 

 build a 7,500 deadweight-ton cargo vessel than a yard differently equipped. Con- 

 versely, by the same method, the field of a yard can be determined, always keeping 

 in mind the man efficiency. While a standard man efficiency of 45 equivalent dead- 

 weight tons has been offered as a result of actual performance it is suggested that, 

 in yards that do not come up to this standard, a tentative one of 35 equivalent dead- 

 weight tons be set up to work to. Unless this is done, it is not possible to figure 

 definitely on results to be accomplished nor keep in close touch with day to day 

 performance. 



Note. — The term "equivalent deadweight ton" means performance referred to 

 a 7,500 deadweight-ton cargo vessel as a standard for comparison. 



DISCUSSION. 



The President: — This paper which has been presented by Mr. Churchill is most in- 

 teresting and should bring forth some pertinent inquiries and discussion. Is there any mem- 

 ber who desires to discuss the paper? 



Professor H. C. Sadler, Member of Council:— Mr. President and gentlemen, I had 

 the pleasure of being associated with Mr. Churchill in the Emergency Fleet Corporation 

 during the last year and a half, and also had the pleasure of discussing with him a good 

 many of the points that he has brought up in this paper. The paper is certainly worthy of the 

 most careful study by all shipbuilders, as certain of the features he brings out are perhaps 

 not altogether realized by most of them. 



When it was evident that the shipbuilding capacity of the country had tO' be enor- 

 mously increased to take care of submarine sinkings, the first and perhaps most obvious 

 suggestion made was to increase the number of ways in existing shipyards, and also to 

 erect new shipyards. On the face of it, increasing the number of ways in the yards, with, 

 of course, an accompanying increase in the fabricating capacity, would appear tO' be a logical 

 solution, 'but Mr. Churchill has brought out another very important fact, and that is that 

 the question of man efficiency may influence the number of ways; and it does not always 

 follow, if you increase the number of ways in a shipyard, you will get an increase in the 

 actual output of tonnage. 



The curves on Plates 33 and 24, I think, bring out that point very clearly, particularly 

 Plate 24. If you will analyze the cost per deadweight ton for a fixed faibricating capacity, 

 the question of the number of ways is very important; in other words, the cost per dead- 

 weight ton is a good deal less in the 5-way yard than in a 10-way yard, and the two 

 curves cross at a certain deadweight ton, per man, per year at approximately, in this case, 



