THE PROPELLING MACHINERY OF THE U. S. S. LEVIATHAN. 231 



(d) Fractures 9 to ii are across the facing to which the dummy cylinder is 

 bolted. 



Around the external wall of the lower half casing eight bulb webs are ar- 

 ranged at equal distances and support the dished end of the casting. Seven of these 

 were fractured completely through, and the damage extended into the main body of 

 the cylinder wall. 



The engineers had attempted to limit the extent of the fractures, for brass pegs 

 had been fitted at the end of some of the cracks. 



A drain facing on bottom of the turbine was also cracked at the base for about 

 one-half of the circumference, and pegs had been fitted to each end of this fracture. 



Fig. 18A, Plate 104, shows an external end view of the lower casing and 

 approximately indicates the extent of the damage. 



Fig. 18B, Plate 104, is a side elevation of the casing showing the approximate 

 shape of one of these bulb webs. 



A small cofifer dam was built up in the casing at the steam belt and filled up 

 with water, but the water began to pour through to the outside, showing that the 

 fractures extended through the full thickness of the casing wall, which is about 3^^ 

 inches thick. 



Upon reporting the conditions to Capt. Earl P. Jessop, U. S. N., Engineer 

 Officer at the New York Navy Yard, who was in charge of all the repairs in these 

 ships, Mr. Jessop made a thorough examination of the casing and strongly advised 

 electric-welding the fractures. Mechanical fitted patches could not be fitted inter- 

 nally, because the damage was all located in the casing where it supports the dummy 

 cylinder. 



Mr. Jessop had practically completed the repairs to the reciprocating engines 

 of two ships by this time, and all the damage had been made good by electric weld- 

 ing. A careful inspection of this work was made and showed conclusively that elec- 

 tric welding would make a thoroughly efficient repair. 



Mr. Wilson, of The Wilson Welder and Metals Company, also reported most 

 favorably as regards bringing this work to a successful completion, and about the 

 middle of July work was commenced on preparing the fractures for welding. This 

 was carried out as follows: — 



Along the line of fracture a V groove was chipped out. On either side of this 

 groove ^-inch diameter holes were drilled and tapped, into which were fitted steel 

 studs, the end of each projecting above the metal about % inch to ^ inch. In most 

 cases two rows of studs were fitted and staggered, the pitch being about 2^4 inches. 



The welding material used was a steel alloy wire, about j^^-inch diameter. The 

 first layer was placed along the length of the fracture at the bottom of the V 

 groove. This layer was then peaned down; if found to be loose, it was cut out 

 and the work begun over again. On top of this, another layer was welded in and 

 again peaned down, and this process was repeated until the weld was built clear 

 around the studs and projected about ^ inch above the surface of the adjoining 

 cast iron. 



