STANDARD LUBRICATING OIL SYSTEM FOR GEARED TURBINES. 245 



to a number of eminent marine engineers, and the final revised system adopted as a 

 standard for vessels of the Emergency Fleet Corporation on September i6, 1918. 

 (See Plan No. E-iiooo-i, Plate 106.) 



The actual installation or application of the system was materially delayed by 

 the necessity for speeding up our entire war program after the German spring drive. 

 Materials were being ordered and ships constructed by methods which would not 

 allow of the simplest change in construction without a delay too serious to be allowed 

 under the emergency. Certain essential improvements in existing systems were, 

 however, made in advance of the adoption of the entire system, e. g., oil coolers 

 and pumps of more liberal capacity were furnished, and vital parts of the system 

 were installed in duplicate instead of singly. 



Late in the summer of 191 8, it was decided to install the system in accordance 

 with Plan No. E-i 1000-3 (Plate 105), on the S. S. Westland, then in Hoboken un- 

 dergoing repairs. Due to the short space of time allowed, it was impossible to make 

 the installation as complete as desired, but the necessary information as to the 

 pvimps, coolers and other equipment required was furnished to the Division of 

 Operations, and they were installed under the direction of the representative of 

 that division in New York. While the system as specified in Technical Order No. 

 75 contains many refinements not included in the system installed on the Westland, 

 the results obtained from the installation on this vessel were sufficient to assure 

 those responsible for its design of the successful operation of the proposed system. 

 The first vessels equipped with the entire system were delivered about the middle 

 of January, 19 19, subsequent to the signing of the armistice. 



As the shipbuilding program, notwithstanding many cancellations, was far from 

 complete, it was deemed advisable to make a further revision of the system to 

 eliminate many features specified on account of war conditions, and also to elimi- 

 nate automatic features rendered unnecessary by the increasing efficiency of the 

 operating personnel, but retaining the essential features. 



This revision was issued on July 15, 1919, and the departures from the system 

 previously issued are noted therein. (See Technical Order No. 75 and enclosures, 

 Plan No. E- 1 1000-10, Plate 108.) 



Coolers. — Nearly all of the oil coolers previously used were inadequate to 

 transfer the required number of British thermal units, which amounted in a nuin- 

 ber of instances to 10 per cent of the propelling turbine horse-power. This was 

 partly due to the fact that the reduction-gear manufacturers had overrated the effi- 

 ciency of their reduction gears. 



As a precautionary measure, it was considered essential that an auxiliary cooler 

 be provided so that the oil could be cooled by one cooler in the event of the other 

 being rendered inoperative by leaky tubes or other causes. The auxiliary cooler 

 was also used in parallel with the main cooler when operating in tropical waters, 

 where a cooling water temperature of 84° or higher obtained. The technical order 

 specified a 20° drop in oil temperature, and, while it was realized that the cooler 

 would not be called upon to equal this temperature drop under normal running con- 



