38 



nvnRonYN.\Mic:s i.\ ship dksign 



Sec. -12.2 



1931, \i.l. I, pp. ;i;n :«31. Tli.- hitter paper 

 contains oxcoUent photogruplis of 'J-tlintl objectij 

 moving through glycerin with alununum powder 

 sprinkletl on the surface to show the flow patterns. 

 The Ueynoltls number in Tietjens' experinjents 

 varied from 0.25 to 251). The discussion of the 

 paper points out tliat the double row of vortexes 

 leaving the blunt-ondetl bodies, now calletl the 

 vortex trail or street, was noted by Mallock in 

 1907 and liy R<5nard in 190S, prior to von Kiirmiin's 

 first paper on this subject in 1911. 



The propeller photographs and flow diagrams 

 of Alill)orn were supplemented a few years later 

 by those of R. Wagner, O. Flamm, and F. Gebers, 

 also made in Germany. The results were embodied 

 in the following papers and books: 



1. Wagnor, R., "Versuche mit Schifrsschrftul)oii utul litTon 



praktisohe Ergcbnisse (Tests with Ship Propellers 

 and Their Practical Results)," STG, lOOG, pp. 

 2&4-366, esp. pp. 293-295, 302, 310-323. This paper 

 embodies many flow diagrams and flow patterns 

 around propeller blades and propellers. 



2. Flamm, O., "Beitrag zur Entwicklung der Wirkungs- 



wcise der SchifTsschrauben (Contribution to the 

 Development of the EfTectivene.ss of the Ship Pro- 

 peller)," STG, 1908, pp. 427-438, esp. Figs. 1-12 

 opp. p. 432 



3. Flanim, <)., "Die .SchilT,s.si'liraubc uiid iliru Wirkung auf 



daa Wnsser (The Screw Propeller and Ifa .\clion in 

 Water)," published by R. OldenlKJurg, in .Munich 

 and Berlin, 1909. Some of the Flamm pliotngraplis 

 arc published in STG, 1909, Vol. 10, Figs. 1 through 

 7, opjxisitc page 34ti. 



4. Gebers, F., ".Vbwehr der Kcmpfschcn AngrilTo und 



einiges mehr iilx-r seine und meine Propellerversuche 

 (Defense of Kempf's Method of .-Vtt.'ii'k and .\ddi- 

 tional Information on His Projvller Tests and 

 Mine)," SchilTbau, 28 Feb 1912, pp. 388-396. On 

 pp. 390 and 391 there are a.xial views of model 

 propellers showing some of the flow paths over the 

 widths of the blades, on both faces and backs. 



5. Gebers, F., "N'euc Proi>ellerversuchc (New Pro|)cllcr 



Tests)," STG, 1910, pp. 729-7S1, esp. Fig. 12, opp. 

 p. 758, and Figs. 1, 2, and 3 on p. 782; also INA, 

 1910, pp. 69-70. 



In the course of the last half-century, since 

 most of the foregoing references appeared, a 

 multitude of flow-pattern photographs have been 

 taken, a large number of flowiine diagrams have 

 been drawn, and a great many of i)oth have been 

 published. Reference data on some of these are 

 presented in two groups in this section, and in 

 other groups in the sections to follow: 



Table 42. a Reference data for line drawings of 



TABLE 42.d — Rekkrknce Data for Fixjw Patterns .\Rot:.Nn Simple Siiapi-:.s When Yawed 



