lit 



HVDRODN \ XMK.S IN" SIIIP DFSir.X 



Srr. 46.10 



trailiiiK imIho, ''"' vortex street is riu loiiKer I'nnueil. 

 riic nlloninting ciroiilatioii ecnsos, as docs the 

 alterHutiiig transvorst^ lift forces on the section. 

 Further research and experiment arc needed 

 along these lines. 



The hyilroelastic interactions in the case of the 

 strut, involving the addc<l nia.ss of the entrained 

 water for transverse or flatwise vibration of the 

 stmt arm, the damping efTects of the strut .section, 

 when moving laterally, the ukmIc of motion of the 

 wliole strut a-ssemhly, including the strut hub 

 and all the arms, and the elastic characteristics 

 of these parts, are not considered here. 



46.10 References on Eddy Systems, Vortex 

 Trails, and Singing. There is given in Sec. 4G.7 

 a short list of references relating directly to the 

 vortex-trail or eddy sj'stems abaft the trailing 

 edges of bodies of varied type and shape. The list 

 in the present section covers a somewhat broader 

 field. It is by no means complete but it is adequate 

 for the beginning of an extended study of the 

 subject. References to photographs of flow 

 patterns involving eddies and vortexes are listed 

 in the text of Sec. 42.2 and in Table 42.b of that 

 section. These are in addition to the references 

 listed in Sees. 7.11 and 14.22 of Volume I. 



(a) Hclraholtz, H., "l)l)cr Integrale dcr Hydrodynamis- 



chcn GieichungPii welclie den WirbGlwogungen 

 Ent.sprochen (On Integrals of tlic Hydrodynamical 

 I'Aluationa wliirli I'Jxjire.ss Vciitiw Motion)," ( 'lolle's 

 Jour., IS')H, Vol. .'»5; iMiglish Iriinsl. by P. CI. Tait 

 in London, Edin., and Dublin, Pliil. Mag., ,lan-.)un 

 1807, Vol. .33 (-Ith 8me.s), pp. 4S.5-.51! 



(b) Ahlborn, F., "Die Wirbelbildung ini \Vid<'r.stand.>!- 



mcchaDismuM des Wassers (Eddies in (lie Mechanism 

 of Ship Ucsi.stance in Water)," ST( I, 1!)05, pp. 07-81. 

 Eddies abaft tlie forward outboard corners and the 

 after face of a 2-tliml rod of rectangular section are 

 shown in Fig. 22 of the reference. A large separation 

 zone abaft a similar section at higher speed is shown 

 in Fig. 12. 



(c) Stanton, T. E., and Marshall, D., "Eddy Systems in 



the Wake of Flat Circular Plates in Three Dimen- 

 sional Flow," ARC, II and M i:).5.s, liUl I'.I.12, 

 Vol. I; pp. 202-211 



(d) Steinman, D. B., "Problems of .\eri)(iyniimic and 



Hydrodynamic .Stability," Proc. Third llydr. ("onf.. 

 State Univ. Iowa, Studies in Eng'g., Hull. 31, 1947, 

 pp. 1.30-104. The author lists 10 references on pages 

 I03-lfr». 



(c) Stcinman, D. B., "Aero<lynamic Theory of Bridge 

 Oacillationa," Trons. ASCE, 1050, Vol. 115, pp. 

 1240-1247, 12.54-12.55 



(f) Den Ilartog, J. P., "Recent Technical Manifestations 

 of von KdrinAn'a Wake," Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 

 Wash., Mar 19.54, Vol. 40, pp. 1.5.5-1.57 



(K) RiMhko, A., "On the Wake and Drug of HlufT BiMlies," 

 Jour. Aero. Sci.. Feb 19,5.5, pp. 2, 124 132 



(h) {'oo|HT, R. D., and I.ut/.ky, M., "E.\ploratory Investi- 

 gation of the Turbulent Wakos Behind Blufl 

 Boiiies," TMB Rep. 903, Oct 1955. 



The references which follow apply particularly 

 to the singing of the blades of screw propellers: 



(1) Richardson, E. G., Proc. Phys. Soc., 1924, Vol. 30, 



p. 1.53(T; also 1925, Vol. 37, p. 17811 



(2) Gut.sche, F., "Das Singcn von SchifT.ssehr.iuben (The 



Singing of Ship's PropolliTs)," Zeit. des Ver. 

 Deutsch. Ing., .3 ,Iul 1937, Vol. 81, pp. SS2 S.S3. 

 There is available in the TMB library an un- 

 published English translation of this paper, marked 

 T.MB Transl. 123. 



(3) Hunter, 11., "Singing Propellers," NECI, 1936-19.37, 



Vol. LIII, pp. 189-222, D73-DI20 



(4) "The Problem of the Singing Propeller," SBSR, 12 



Aug 1937, pp. 205-207; 2 Sep 1937, pp. 298-300; 

 7 Oct 1937, pp. 450-452 



(5) Hunter, II., "Singing Propellers," E. and F. N. Spon, 



London, 1937 

 (0) Hayes, II. C, and Klein, E., "Methods and Means for 

 Determining the Natural Modes of Vibration of 

 Mechanical Structures," ASNE, 1938, Vol. .50, 

 pp. 519- .520. The paper is devoted to a study of 

 the vibrating modes and frequencies of screw- 

 propeller blades. 



(7) Conn, J. F. C, "Marine Propeller Blade Vibration," 



lESS, 1938-1939, Vol. 82, pp. 225-255, 292-374 



(8) Shannon, J. F., and Arnold, R. N., "Statistical and 



Experimental Investigation of the Singing Pro- 

 peller Problem," lESS, 1938-1939, Vol. 82, pp. 

 250-291, 292-374. On pp. 289-291 the authors list 

 35 references. 



(9) Kerr, W., Shannon, J. F., and Arnold, R. N., "The 



Prolilcnis of the Singing Proi)eller," Inst. Mech. 

 Engrs., London, Dec 1940, Vol. 144, pp. 54-90. 

 Abstracted on p. 409 of SBSR, 25 Apr 1940; also 

 SBMEB, Apr 1940, pp. 180-181. 



(10) Davis, .\. W., "Characteristics of Silent Propellers," 



lESS, 1939-1940, X'ol. 83, pp. 29-102. Abstracted 

 in SBMEB, Apr 1940, pp. 105-169. 



(11) Baker,G.S., "Vibration Patterns of Propeller Blades," 



NECI, 1940-1941, Vol. 57, pp. 43-66, Dl-Dr2 



(12) Work, C. E., "Review of Marine Propeller Noise 



and Vibration Studies," U. S. Nav. Ord. Test 

 Sla. Propulsion Memo 74, 7 Sep 1940 



(13) Hughes, Ci., "Intlucnco of Shape of Blade Section on 



Singing Propellers," IIOSS, 1941-1942, Vol. 85, 

 pp. 55-168. On page 130 the author lists 10 refer- 

 ences. 



(14) Hughes, G., "On Singing Propillcrs," INA, 1945, 



pp. lS.5-210 



(15) Lewis, F. M., ME, Vol. II, 1946, p. 131 



(16) Hughes, W. L., "Propeller Blade Vibrations," 



NECI, 1948-1949, pp. 273-.300, D51-D70 



(17) Burrill, L. C, "Undenvater Propeller Vibration 



Tests," NECI, 1948-1949, pp. 301-314, D50-D70 



(18) Work, C. E., ".Singing Propellers," .\SNE, May 1951, 



pp. 319-331 



(19) Lankest<!r, S. G., and Wallace, W. D., ".Some In- 



vestigations into Singing Propellers," NECI, 7 

 Jun l'.t.55, pp. 2<)3 318. 



