Sec. 56.12 



OBSERVED SHIP-RESISTANCE DATA 



311 



removed; sec the series of reports listed subsequently 

 in this section. 



The towing of ships, without their propulsion 

 devices, to determine their full-scale resistances 

 directly, has been a subject of active discussion 

 among naval architects since about 1850. The 

 thought that it constituted the only valid method 

 of attack on ship-resistance and propulsion 

 problems was, in fact, put forward in the late 

 1860's and early 1870's as one of the arguments 

 against the proposals of W. Froude to establish 

 the first model-testing basin. Froude, with his 

 usual wisdom and thoroughness, tackled both 

 the full-scale and the model problems. Under his 

 supervision the hulk of H. M. S. Greyhound, less its 

 propeller, was towed for resistance in the early 

 1870's but the results were somewhat disappoint- 

 ing, partly because of the excessive roughness 

 (by modern standards) of the hull surface. 



Since that time others have engaged in similar 

 projects, using improved methods and instru- 

 mentation. The full-scale towing tests for which 

 data have been published, including the Grey- 

 hound experiments, are listed hereunder: 



(1) Froude, W., H. M. S. Greyhound, about 1874. Report 



published by Froude in the paper "On the Experi- 

 ments with H. M. S. Greyhound," INA, 1874, pp. 

 36-73 and Pis. III-XIII. The towing-test data 

 from the Greyhound experiments have been ana- 

 lyzed by A. M. Robb [INA, 1947, Vol. 89, pp. 

 6-15; abstracted in SBSR, 5 Jun 1947, pp. 568- 

 571; also TNA, 1952, p. 449]. 



(2) Yarrow, A. F., British first-class torpedoboat, 100 ft 



long, 1883. Report published by Yarrow in the 

 paper "Some Experiments to Test the Resistance 

 of a First-Class Torpedo-Boat," INA, 1883, Vol. 

 24, pp. 111-117. 



(3) Double-ended ferryboat Cincinnati (for New York 



harbor), 1896. Report published by F. L. DuBosque, 

 SNAME, 1896, Vol. 4, pp. 93-104, esp. pp. 93-94. 



(4) Yokota, A., Yaraamoto, T., Shigemitsu, A., and 



Togino, S., hull of 40-ft steam launch, about 1929. 

 Report embodied in the paper "Pressure Distribu- 

 tion Over the Surface of a Ship and its Effect on 

 Resistance," Proc. World Eng'g. Congr., Tokyo, 

 1929, Vol. XXIX, Part 1, publ. in Tokyo in 1931. 

 The steel steam launch forming the subject of 

 these tests had an Lpp of 39.37 ft, an extreme beam 

 of 9.79 ft, and a draft of about 3.99 ft. The tests 

 included measuring the thrust at the thrust bearing 

 during self-propelled tests. Further details from 

 this paper and additional general data relative to 

 the tests are given in Sec. 42.10. Data from tests 

 of one-third scale models of the launch are men- 

 tioned also in Sec. 52.3. 



(5) Hiraga, Y., hulk of Japanese destroyer Yudachi, 



about 1934. Reports published by Hiraga in the 

 two papers "Experimental Investigations on the 



Resistance of TiOng Planks and Ships," INA, 

 1934, pp. 284-320 and Pis. XXVI-XXXIII, and 



"Experimental Investigations on the Frictional 

 Resistance of Planks and Ship Models," Society of 

 Naval Architects of Japan, Dec 1934, Vol. LV. 

 The INA paper described and gave the results of 

 towing tests on the destroyer Yudachi, on a so-called 

 "plank ship," 77 ft long and 0.525 ft wide, as well 

 as on a tug (unnamed), having a length of 114.83 

 ft and a displacement of 296.93 t. The displacement 

 of the plank ship was 3.356 t; its L/B ratio was 147. 

 Included in the towing test was a 26-ft model of 

 the Hashike and of a 56-ft Vedette boat; see PI. 

 XXVI of the INA paper. Lines and other data of 

 the 300-t twin-screw tug are given on PI. XXXI of 

 that paper. 



(6) U. S. S. YTB 602; 100-ft, 1,000-horse single-screw 



harbor tug, early 1950's. This vessel was towed, 

 with its propeller removed, by the U. S. S. LSM 

 458, the latter fitted with Kirsten rotating-blade 

 propellers. Due to surging of the towed vessel, the 

 presence of wake from the towing vessel, and other 

 factors, the test data are not up to standard and 

 have not as yet (1955) been fully analyzed. 



(7) British Shipbuilding Research Association, Lucy 



Ashlon, 1950-1951. This was an ex-paddlewheel 

 steamer driven by abovowater gas-jet engines. The 

 complete set of test reports follows: 



(a) Denny, Sir M. E., "B. S. R. A. Resistance 

 Experiments on the Lucy Ashion. Part I — FuU- 

 Scale Measurements," INA, 1951, Section on Int. 

 Conf. Nav. Arch. Mar. Engrs., p. 40ff. The prin- 

 cipal characteristics of the Lucy Ashion are: 



Lpp = 190.5 ft D = 7.177 ft (molded) 



Cb = 0.685 



B = 21.0 ft (molded) H = 5.0 ft, to bottom of 

 hull proper 



A = 390 t S = 4,488 ft^ incl. append- 



ages 



Cp = 0.705 Cm = 0.972. 



(b) Conn, J. F. C, Lackenby, H., and Walker, 

 W. P., "B.S.R.A. Resistance Experiments on the 

 Lucy Ashion. Part II — The Ship-Model Correlation 

 for the Naked-Hull Conditions," INA, 1953, p. 

 350ff. The first two parts were published as 

 B.S.R.A. Rep. 107 in 1952. 



(c) Lackenby, H., "B.S.R.A. Resistance Experi- 

 ments on the Lucy Ashion. Part III — The Ship- 

 Model Correlation for the Shaft-Appendage Con- 

 ditions," INA, Apr 1955, Vol. 97, pp. 109-166 



(d) Smith, S. L., "B.S.R.A. Resistance Experi- 

 ments on the Lucy Ashion. Part IV — Miscellaneous 

 Investigations and General Appraisal," INA, 1955. 



(8) Nordstrom, H. F., hulk of Swedish destroyer Wrangel, 



about 1952. Report published as "Full-Scale Tests 

 with the Wrangel and Comparative Model Tests," 

 SSPA Rep. 27, 1953 (in English). 



(9) Large-scale self-propelled model D. C. Endert, Jr., 



representing a Victory ship; about 1953. Full-scale 

 trials of a Victory ship were conducted by the 

 Dutch in conjunction with tests of five model 

 geosims, plus an independently powered 72-ft 



