FOREWORD 



the design and operation of Navy sonar equip- 

 ment. 



Only a few of the scientists and others contribut- 

 ing to this war effort can be named. Mr. C. O'D. Iselin, 

 Director of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institu- 

 tion, and his staff brought to this research, to which 

 they ably contributed, a sound background knowl- 

 edge of oceanography. Dr. V. O. Knudsen, Dean of 

 the Graduate School of the University of California 

 at Los Angeles and for some time the Director of the 

 Division's San Diego Laboratory, was one of this 

 country's foremost scientists in the field of acoustics. 

 Dr. Knudsen played a prominent part in organizing 

 the research program, and after leaving the San 

 Diego Laboratory he contributed actively and ef- 

 fectively to research work closely related to the sub- 

 ject of this volume. Dr. G. P. Harnwell, Chairman of 

 the Department of Physics at the University of 

 Pennsylvania, who succeeded Dr. Knudsen as Di- 

 rector at San Diego after ha\dng served some time as 

 a technical aide to the Division, gave wise general 

 direction to this research at San Diego. In operations 

 at San Diego, Dr. Knudsen and Dr. Harnwell were 

 ably supported by Dr. Carl Eckart, Professor of 

 Theoretical Physics at the University of Chicago, 

 who became Associate Director at San Diego, re- 

 sponsible for the planning and execution of the basic 

 research there. 



Dr. H. Sverdrup, Director of the Scripps Institu- 

 tion of Oceanography, and his staff also contributed 

 significantly to this work. The U. S. Navy Electronics 

 Laboratory at San Diego collaborated most helpfully 

 in much of this basic research. The task of organizing 

 the very important analytical work was assumed by 

 Dr. W. V. Houston, Professor of Physics at the Cali- 

 fornia Institute of Technology and Director of the 

 Special Studies Group; he delegated the very large 

 part of the responsibility to Dr. Lyman Spitzer, Jr., 

 an outstanding member of the Departments of 



Physics and Astronomy at Yale University, who be- 

 came Director of the Sonar Analysis Group. 



As the reader will note. Dr. Spitzer undertook the 

 responsibility for preparing this volume, and in this 

 he had had the assistance not only of members of his 

 own staff but also of naval personnel and of members 

 of the Woods Hole and San Diego staffs. The Divi- 

 sion appreciates the efforts of all those who have 

 participated. 



This research project secured most effective sup- 

 port from the Navy. The broad program of research 

 and study which was proposed by Dr. Jewett and 

 Dr. Bush, and which included this basic research on 

 underwater sound, was supported by Rear Admiral 

 S. M. Robinson, Chief of the Bureau of Ships, who 

 took steps to provide facilities for this work at San 

 Diego. Later, when Rear Admiral Van Keuren be- 

 came Chief of the Bureau of Ships, he likewise 

 strongly backed the program, which was still in its 

 initial stages. Support of the program continued with 

 Vice Admiral Cochrane as Chief of the Bureau of 

 Ships, and most helpful liaison was provided by 

 Captain Rawson Bennett, Jr., Commander J. C. 

 Myers, Commander Roger Revelle, and others in the 

 Bureau. The Coordinator of Research and Develop- 

 ment and his staff continually gave support to this 

 research. The results of much of this work were of 

 special interest to the Tenth Fleet and very close 

 contact was accordingly maintained with its staff, 

 particularly with the Operations Research Group. 



In presenting this volume the hope is expressed 

 that research in this area will be energetically con- 

 tinued. It is also, hoped that general interest in this 

 field may be maintained by the distribution to the 

 widest possible audience of this volume and other 

 volumes which have been written from the stand- 

 point of basic science. 



John T. Tate 

 Chief, Division 6 



