VIU 



PREFACE 



been scattered back to the vicinity of the original 

 sound source. Part III deals with the echoes returned 

 from submarines and surface vessels. Part IV dis- 

 cusses the transmission of sound through wakes and 

 echoes received from wakes. 



It should be emphasized that this work is essen- 

 tially a report of the work carried out by the Univer- 

 sity of California Division of War Research in col- 

 laboration with the U. S. Navy Electronics Labora- 

 tory, formerly the U. S. Navy Radio and Sound 

 Laboratory; and by the Woods Hole Oceanographic 

 Institution. Both the Underwater Sound Reference 

 Laboratories and the New London Laboratory of 

 Columbia University Division of War Research, as 

 well as the underwater sound laboratory of the 

 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, have also 

 made important contributions in special fields. All 

 these groups, under contract with Division 6, have 

 been very helpful in the preparation of this volume. 

 They have at times supplied unpublished data and 

 have made many helpful comments and suggestions 

 for improving the presentation. 



The direct preparation of this volume has been 

 largely a cooperative enterprise of the Sonar Analysis 

 Group, operating under different auspices at different 

 times. This work was initiated under the Special 

 Studies Group of Columbia University Division of 

 War Research, under Contract 0EMsr-113L Most 

 of the writing was done by the Sonar Analysis Group 



under Contract OEMsr-1483; during this time, the 

 Group operated under the auspices of the Office of 

 Field Service but under the cognizance of Section 940 

 of the Bureau of Ships. Final preparation of the 

 manuscript was completed while the Group formed 

 part of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 

 under Contract Nobs-2083 with the Bureau of Ships. 

 The scientific staff of the Sonar Analysis Group 

 engaged in this work were: P. G. Bergmann, E. 

 Gerjuoy, P. G. Frank, A. N. Guthrie, Lieut, (jg) 

 J. K. Major, USNR (Project Officer of the Group), 

 J. J. Markham, L. Spitzer, Jr., R. Wildt, and A. 

 Yaspan. The work was under the general supervision 

 of the director of the Group, aided by A. N. Guthrie, 

 Administrative Director. The editors were: 



Part I P. G. Bergmann and A. Yaspan 



Part II E. Gerjuoy and A. Yaspan 



Part III Lieut, (jg) J. K. Major, USNR 



Part IV R. Wildt 



Because Part I was largely the result of cooperative 

 effort by many members of the Group, as well as 

 by C. Herring of the Special Studies Group, names of 

 individual chapter authors of Part I are listed in the 

 Table of Contents. Final assembly of the material 

 was under the supervision of Mrs. E. E. Wagner, and 

 of H. Birnbaum and M. Klapper. 



Lyman Spitzer, Jr. 

 Director, Sonar Analysis Group 



