DEPENDENCE ON ORIENTATION 



395 



ALTITUDE 

 ANGLE IN 

 DEGREES 



ALTITUDE 

 ANGLE IN 

 DEGREES 



Figure 7. Altitude dependence (theoretical), 16-yd 

 range. U570 (HMS/M Graph). 



Figure 8. Altitude dependence (optical), 193-yd 

 range. USS Perch (SS313). 



o 



BOW 



90 



BEAM 



ASPECT ANGLE IN DEGREES 



180 

 STERN 



Figure 9. Target strength-aspect curves at different altitudes, for the Italian submarine Vortice (direct measurements). 



