21 
ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANS OF DIRECT CONTROL 
OVER THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY 
THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY ON A NATIONAL SCALE 
Within its population of over 200 million, the Soviet Union had, at the end 
of 1961, a total of 404,000 scientific workers, (40,41) 
defined as those persons with sufficient professional qualifications to enable 
them to work in scientific, technical, and educational positions in 3828 research 
40) 
Scientific workers were 
establishments. ( 
Figures 5 through 10 and Tables 3through7 are based on or taken from 
Soviet and other references,(49,43) The numbers in the figures have been 
rounded off to average out the years from 1960 to 1962. Therefore, the figures 
show merely the approximate distribution of scientific manpower in the Soviet 
Union. 
Soviet scientific workers depend on various Soviet administrative bodies 
for financial support, space, equipment, assisting personnel, and over-all 
direction. For the administration ofthe scientific community, the Soviet State 
has created governmental and extra-governmental administrative units to 
ensure the execution of national policy and plans for science, technology, and 
education. 
The bodies with the broadest jurisdiction over scientific affairs are the 
Academies of Sciences, the State Committees on Coordination of Scientific 
Research, the Republic, Regional, and Municipal Economic Councils, the 
Ministries for Higher and Specialized Secondary Education, and the Republic 
State Committees for Higher Education. 
A published study, funded by the National Science Foundation, presents 
exhaustive detail on the structure of Soviet education, and should be consulted 
if further details are desired, (28) 
Other administrative units subordinate to the Council of Ministers, such 
as the ministries and administrations, are responsible fora share of research 
and technology through their control and direction of research and technological 
facilities subordinate to them, as indicated in the Directory. 
In 1961, 93,000 Soviet citizens (26 per cent of the scientific workers) 
were considered as having a scientific profession. Of this figure, 9,900 were 
professors, 36,200 were lecturers (docents), 20,300 were senior scientific 
associates, and 26,700 were junior scientific associates and assistants.(4!) 
