27 
Of the 11,000 scientific workers with a doctorof sciences degree, 8,400 
also carried the rank of professor, and 1,500 held the rank of senior scientific 
associate. Of the 98,000 candidates in 1961, 700 held the rank of professor, 
17,500 held the rank of senior scientific associate, and 32,500 were docents. 
Of the 245,000 scientific workers who did not possess an advanced degree, 
26,000 were ranked as professors, senior scientific associates, docents, junior 
scientific associates or assistants, (4!) 
In the distribution of the scientific workers according to the branches of 
science as grouped by the Soviets, more than 60 per cent of the scientific 
workers are employed in the technical, medical, physical, mathematical, and 
41) 
chemical sciences A 
The U.S.S.R. Minister for Higher Education said that, in 1961, almost 
147,000 scientific workers were employed in educational institutions,and more 
than half of all the professors and doctors of science were concentrated in 
educational institutions. (44) 
REORGANIZATION OF THE ADMINISTRATION 
OF SCIENCE IN 1961 
An important addition to Soviet policy concerning science and the plan 
for its implementation were provided by a joint decree of the Party and the 
U.S.S.R. Council of Ministers on April 10, 1961.(1) The reorganization followed 
several years of Soviet experimentation withadministrative forms to establish 
an efficient, reliable, and adaptable focus of authority for coordination of 
(18,28,45-48) Ultimately, the Party is the final coordination power, 
but the Party must make decisions onthe basis of the advice of experts. Before 
1961, the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences was charged with the responsibility 
of coordinating scientific research inthe Soviet Union, although most research 
science. 
facilities were not under the jurisdictionofthe Academy. In 1961, a new State 
Committee was formed charged with the responsibility for coordination of 
scientific research and was attached directlytothe U.S.S.R. Council of Minis - 
ters. (1) This State Committee for Coordination of Scientific Research, herein 
called the Coordination Committee, is the formally constituted board of experts 
given the duty and the power, by both the Party and the State, to marshal the 
scientific community. By 1961, there were some 170 different agencies respon- 
sible for supervising scientific research inthe Soviet Union. The Coordination 
Committee's main task is to establish priorities in the administration of re- 
search on key problems by these agencies.(49) 
Following the 1961 joint decree, Professor Leon Trilling, Massachusetts 
Institute of Technology Soviet affairs expert, concluded that the decree indicated 
