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that the Soviets would concentrate on the potential applications of the result 
from their researchprojects. He feltthatthe Soviet principles and realities of 
scientific administration would not be changed except in degree. Professor 
Trilling restated the five guiding principles of Soviet administration of science 
as follows: 
1, Strict priorities are set by the policymakers who do not 
accept extensive advice from scientists on which things should 
be done, but do accept advice on how they should be done. 
2. Separate facilities are maintained for research, technology, 
and production. Personnel to staff these facilities are given 
differentiated training within the educational system. 
3. The principle of one-man responsibility is dominant in high- 
priority programs. 
4, Special task forcesare formed for special jobs under one man. 
5. A multiple-hat system results in the assignment of a number 
of concurrent administrative responsibilities to many leading 
scientists, thus concentrating the coordination power in a 
small group of men, (50,51) 
Thus, concentration of power in the hands of professional administrators has 
been diluted by the rise of scientists of provenability to the positions of super- 
visors at all levels of administration.(°2) 
The 1961 joint decree retained Academies of Sciences and Ministries of 
Higher and Specialized Secondary Education, but bound them to the State 
Committees on Coordination of Scientific Research. 
THE ACADEMIES OF SCIENCES 
The Academies of Sciences are of two types: The U.S.S.R. Academy of 
Sciences, and the republic Academies of Sciences. All the Academies operate 
under their own charters, approved by the State, (53,54) 
The Academies of Sciences should not be confused with the specialized 
Academies among which are the following: 
Academy of Medicine U.S.S.R. 
Academy of Agriculture U.S.S.R. 
