29 
Academies of Agriculture in six regions 
Academies of Construction and Architecture of the U.S.S.R. and 
the Ukrainian S.S.R. 
Academy of Arts U.S.S.R. 
Academy of Pedagogical Sciences R.S.F.S.R. 
Academy of Communal Economy R.S.F.S.R. 
Various military academies 
The administrative structures of the republic Academies of Sciences and 
the specialized academies are very similar to that of the U.S.S.R. Academy 
of Sciences. The U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences retains a measure of super- 
vision over the republic Academies through a Council for the Coordination of 
Scientific Activities of the Union-Republic Academies which is attached to the 
Presidium of the U.S.S.R. Academy. 
Structure of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Science s(°*-°°) 
Figure 11 shows the structure of the U.S.S.R. Academy and its relation 
to other administrative units. 
The Academy has a self-perpetuating membership. Thatis, the qualified 
-members of the Academy vote forthenewmembers. There are two grades of 
voting membership. The full or active member is called an Academician; the 
voting member of lesser rankis called a Corresponding Member of the Academy 
or Corresponding Academician. New members are nominated by Academy 
facilities and also recommended by facilities outside Academy jurisdiction. 
Only those scientists who have distinguished themselves by outstanding scien- 
tific achievements are nominated. The Academicianis the cream of the scien- 
tific community. Academy members do not all work in Academy facilities, 
but they vote on Academy affairs. 
In 1960, there were 160 full members or Academicians and 369 Cor- 
responding Members. The U.S.S.R. Academy employed 127,000 persons in 
1961.(97) In 1961, the average age of the Corresponding Members was well 
over 60.(43) 
The active voting members arecalledto forma General Assembly which 
has authority to formulate the general lines of scientific work, supervise the 
research of the Academy facilities, and elect new members. The General 
Assembly votes for its Presidium and chief executive called the President 
of the Academy. The Academy has a Chief Scientific Secretary elected by the 
Presidium who is a member of the Presidium along with the Vice Presidents, 
the Secretaries of the departments, and other selected Academicians. The 
Presidium has interim authority, subject to subsequent approval by the General 
