40 
have particularly distinguished themselves while in training. The U.S.S.R. 
Gosplan will include such training positions in its annual plans of assignment 
of graduates. 
Executive scientific-organizational positions inthe scientific community 
are not to be held by persons over 65. Exceptions may be allowed only by 
special decisions of the presidiums of the Academies and the collegiums of 
ministries and agencies. Doctors of sciences orprofessors thus retired may 
be appointed as senior scientific staff consultants for the primary purpose of 
training scientific personnel. 
Scientific councils of researchand higher educational institutions entitled 
to award scholarly degrees are permitted to accept candidates' and doctors' 
dissertations for defense on conditionthat the councils include representatives 
of other institutions. 
The Supreme Accreditation Commission (VAK) under the U.S.S.R. Minis - 
try of Higher and Specialized Secondary Education must approve doctors' 
dissertations and review candidates' dissertations. It was felt that the Com- 
mission had not exerted the necessary influence onthe work of the councils of 
research institutes and higher educational institutions. (Of the total number 
of research facilities, 240 were authorized toaccept candidates' dissertations 
and 150 of these also accepted doctors' dissertations.) 
In matters oftenure of scientific and educational staff members, periodic 
competitions are replaced by secret ballot elections for three- and five-year 
terms. Failureof re-election requires a declaration of a vacancy to be filled 
through a competition. 
The Party and administrative units should take measures to relieve 
scientists of overloads of organizational and public assignments. 
The U.S.S.R. Central Statistical Administration is instructed to carry 
out a census of scientific personnel according toan approved list of specialties. 
The U.S.S.R. Ministry of Higher and Specialized Secondary Education and 
the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences are permitted toassign outstanding scientists 
to the union republics, for periods uptoone year at their own base salary plus 
half the job salary at their temporary place of employment. (16) 
By means of such resolutions and their implementation by administratiye 
changes, students are steered into scientific areas thatthe policymakers have 
decided the country will need. The Soviet Union has planned for almost eight 
million students by 1980; this is more thanthree times the current number, {!7) 
