204 (Continued) 
D. A. Teymer 
G. A. Torpanova, Candidate 
D. G. Tufanov 
Ye. F. Yakovleva 
L. M. Yefimov, Head of Laboratory of Ingots 
O. P. Yelyutin 
Ye. V. Zotova, Candidate 
Description: 
TsNIIChM, which has a staff of approximately 2,000, has five depart- 
ments--Steel, Ferroalloys, Precision Alloys, Metallurgical Problems, and 
Physical Metallurgy. There is also an experimental plant for pilot-plant 
work. 
The purpose of all of the research conducted by the Institute is 
to aid the development of the ferrous metallurgy industry. They have con- 
centrated on the introduction and development of comprehensive automation 
and mechanization of technological processes at various metal combines. In 
this connection, they are developing methods of photoelectric spectral 
analysis during melting, and instruments for the automatic measurement of 
the thickness of hot sheet and of the temperature of liquid steel. 
In addition, the Institute has conducted research investigations 
not directly connected with automation and mechanization. For instance, 
they pioneered the use of the oxygen converter process in blast furnaces. 
Other notable studies included the development of continuous-casting, 
melting, and rolling procedures, ultrasonic treatment of alloys and steels, 
and vacuum metallurgy. They have also developed new technologies for 
converter and transformer steel production and introduced electric-slag 
welding for the production of high-precision ball-bearing steel and steels 
for thin-walled pipe. 
Studies on the desiliconization and desulfurization of cast iron 
and the refining of converter and open-hearth steel in a ladle with synthetic 
slags were performed at the Institute. They have introduced new stainless 
and heat-resistant steels, helping the industry to save nickel and other 
alloying elements. High-precision alloys with special properties have been 
developed for applications in magnetic amplifiers, high-temperature sensors 
(transducers), microwires, rotors of hysteresis motors, and radio 
engineering. 
The staff has also conducted theoretical and experimental work on 
the direct reduction of iron, austenitic and martensitic phase transforma- 
tions in metals (including the effect of nuclear radiation), quench hardening 
and tempering of steel, and the use of artificial radioactive isotopes for 
the investigation and checking of metallurgical processes. 
The Institute is also active in the development, introduction, and 
revision of specifications and standards for new and improved metal products. 
