733 (Continued) 
Description: 
MVIU, established in 1830, has developed into one of the largest 
and best higher technical institutes in the U.S.S.R. During the first years 
of its existence, it formulated the Russian method of practical education, 
i.e., the students received both an engineering education and a practical 
specialization. In the 1870's, the School became the center of scientific- 
technical thought in Russia, actively contributing to the development of 
native machine construction. At the end of the Nineteenth Century, MVIU gave 
rise to many scientific-technical schools and trends in mechanics, machine 
construction, and thermal technology. In 1918, the School was changed into 
a polytechnic type, and civil and electrical engineering faculties were 
added. New research and education institutes were set up on the basis of its 
laboratories; these include the Moscow Power Institute, Moscow Aviation 
Institute, Moscow Textile Institute, Thermodynamics Institute, etc. 
Presently the Institute has five main divisions, Mechanical 
Technology, Thermal and Hydraulic Machines, Instruments (including optical- 
mechanical instruments), Hoisting and Transport Machines, and General 
Machinery, and over 60 chairs or specialities. The staff and students number 
over 800 and 10,000, respectively. 
In recent years, over 70 apparatuses were created here and recom- 
mended for introduction in industry, including new methods of designating 
allowances and tolerances, designs of manipulators for a horizontal forging 
machine for automating wheel-bearing production, and rolling mills. 
In the study of gas-turbine-construction problems, the staff of the 
Chair of Turbine Construction has investigated the use of solid fuel in gas- 
turbine units, new methods for increasing the temperature of the working gas, 
and the efficiency of the units. Resulting designs and developments include 
a high-pressure compressor and a 6,000-hp gas-turbine locomotive. Deep- 
freezing and cryogenic problems associated with heat-exchange processes and 
the design of expanders and turbocompressors have also been investigated. 
Extensive research on the general theory of automatic control and 
on the comprehensive automation of technological processes with the aid of 
computers has been conducted. The design and development of an analog-digital 
converter has aided in the programmed control of milling and cutting of parts 
of intricate shape, heat-treatment processes, and plastic production. 
The activities of the welding department include research on improve- 
ment of methods of measuring residual stresses and deformation caused by 
welding, and the effect of alloying additions on the corrosion and crack 
resistance of welded joints in steel, copper, and aluminum alloys. Devices 
and methods of ultrasonic welding have also been studied, and in 1958, they 
developed an ultrasonic welding method for plastics. Their interest in 
automation is evident in the numerous studies on automatic control of resist- 
ance, arc, and thermal welding and cutting methods. The staff has also 
developed electron-beam and inert-gas-shielded welding methods for the more 
difficult to weld metals, i.e., molybdenum, titanium, zirconium, etc. 
