947 (Continued) 
V. A. Razin 
Yu. A. Ryzhov 
V. I. Talanov 
V. S. Troitskiy, Doctor 
V. V. Zheleznyakov 
G. M. Zhislin 
V. A. Zverev 
Description: 
Established sometime in the mid-1950's, this institute has distin- 
guished itself as a center for research in radio astronomy and radio- 
astronomical equipment, physics of the ionosphere, waveguide and antenna 
problems, and plasma physics. 
One of the functions of the Institute is to serve as a laboratory 
for the design of instruments and techniques for various radiophysics 
problems. In addition to the design of a high-speed oscillograph and a 
flow meter for small amounts of gas, techniques have been developed for the 
measurement of frequency fluctuations in oscillators and molecular generators, 
measurement of backscattering of sound, calibration of radio-astronomical 
equipment, measurement of electron concentration in the ionosphere, and 
determination of noise characteristics of high-frequency amplifiers. A 
technique for measuring signal intensities in radio astronomy has been 
developed, together with instruments and techniques for planetary radio 
observations. 
Investigations in plasma physics conducted at the Institute 
include studies of growth and attenuation of plasma waves and electro- 
magnetic waves in a plasma. In other fields, researchers have investigated 
surface-wave antennas, low-frequency electromagnetic waves, waveguide 
systems, and amplification of travelling waves. Some work has been done on 
ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic materials, and on the application of 
ferrite valves in a phase meter for centimeter waves. Other examples of 
the Institute's diverse research activity include studies of masers and 
lasers and their applications, uses of klystrons and travelling-wave tubes, 
waves in transmission lines, capacity of multipath communication channels, 
magnetic properties of polymers, delay systems, and radiospectroscopy. 
Radio-astronomical research at the Institute consists of examining 
problems such as the origin of cosmic rays, atmospheric noise, upper atmos- 
pheric ionized gas, scattering of radio waves in the troposphere, and 
electrical discharge during meteor flight through the earth's atmosphere. 
The Institute has made a specialty of ionospheric studies, including problems 
such as ionospheric layers, ionospheric radio emission, and ionospheric 
effects from solar eclipses. One interesting study was directed toward 
determining the physical make-up of the moon’s surface. Extensive studies 
of radio emission have been made, particularly solar, cosmic, lunar, atmos- 
pheric, and planetary radio emission. One project studied radio emission 
from charged particles in the earth's magnetic field. Another project 
studied cosmic radio emission during a magnetic storm. Close by the Institute, 
at Zimensk, is located a fully equipped radio-astronomical station to aid in 
these studies. 
