981 (Continued) 
Investigations of the thermal and dynamic processes of interaction 
between the seas and the atmosphere have been conducted in both the northern 
and southern hemispheres. While studying problems of marine climatology, 
they have used climatological data to determine the characteristics of wind- 
generated waves and currents in seas and oceans, including the Antarctic. 
Their studies of the thermal and ice regimes of the sea have covered heat 
transfer, thermal balance, temperature-layer formation, and the influence 
of stationary water areas surrounded by sea ice on cyclonic circulation. 
Various groups at the Institute have studied the spatial charac- 
teristics of tides and developed methods for precalculating tides according 
to astronomical parameters. The staff has developed several methods to com- 
bat methodological problems in the organization of meteorological observa- 
tions. A photoelectronic tidal-flow-prediction machine and a wave recorder 
for use in open seas are just two of the instruments developed and produced 
by GOIN. 
The Institute manages a network of stations and observatories for 
studies of the coastline of the U.S.S.R., while investigations of the open 
sea are carried out by special expeditions and hydrometeorological stations 
maintained in seagoing merchant ships. The diesel-powered ship Ob, which 
was used for IGY expeditions, and other smaller research vessels belong to 
the Institute. 
In addition to its numerous divisions and laboratories (including 
Tides, Sea Geology, Maritime Chemistry, Study of Estuaries, Construction of 
New Oceanographic Instruments, etc.), the Institute has a Leningrad Branch. 
The Branch conducts research to corroborate and support that of the main 
institute, such as studies of ice formation, bottom topography, currents, 
and sea-water chemistry. Some of the staff members also participated in a 
scientific expedition to study the hydrology of the Baltic Sea and the Gulf 
of Finland. 
In addition to publishing a Trudy, the Institute annually compiles 
and publishes tide tables for important ports. Also, the Institute is 
currently compiling an oceanographic atlas of the major oceans. Since 1956 
it has published Antarktika. 
982 
Name: State Optical Institute imeni S. I. Vavilov 
(Gosudarstvennyy opticheskiy institut imeni S. I. Vavilova--GOI) 
Address: Leningrad 
Director: -- 
Deputy Director: -- 
Administrative Affiliation: -- 
