18 



The Florists' Review 



October 1, ion. 



thumb, but the next morning th le ig 

 a fresh Bupply of bugs. Of cours . ou» 

 ventilators are all open and the bugs 

 appear to come in from the on side 

 We find them on the coleus plants m the 

 yard. How can we get rid of thei ? 



C. F C. 



NO BUDS ON SAINTS' DAY MUMS. 



I have a large quantity of chrysanthe- 

 mums, which are looking well, but the 

 buds have not made any appearance yet. 

 What should I do for them? How large 

 is the average size of buds October 1? 

 The chrysanthemums are All Saints' 

 day bloomers, and I am located in New 

 Orleans. C. R. 



It is difficult, with the meager in- 

 formation given, to say definitely why 

 the mums have not yet made any buds. 

 Possibly they were planted late and, in 

 consequence, have not yet reached the 

 point of making bud. I note C. R. says 

 they are All Saints' day bloomers, by 

 which I infer he means varieties that 

 should be in bloom November 1. In or- 

 der to be sure of making this date with 

 such a variety as Mrs. Robinson, which 

 I understand is grown in New Orleans 

 more than any other one variety, I 

 think the bud should show by the first 

 week in September. It takes, on an 

 average, from eight to ten weeks to de- 

 velop a flower after bud is taken, and 

 C. R. can figure just about where he is 

 with regard to getting his crop by All 

 Saints' day. When we used to grow 

 Robinson, years ago, we would take our 

 buds from*^ August 18 to 20 and have 

 them in condition to be cut about Octo- 

 ber 18. Some varieties will take a 

 longer period than this, particularly 

 where an early crown bud is used. In 

 the case of F. S. Vallis, we have had 

 buds twelve weeks or even longer before 

 they attained their full development. 

 Buds should be showing color October 

 14 to have them in good condition by the 

 end of the month. It is hardly possible 

 that C. R. has his mums planted in soil 

 rich in nitrogen, but if he has, this is 

 causing them to make the phenomenal 

 growth. If this is the case, the only 

 thing to do is to dry the plants off, in 

 order to give them a check which will 

 cause them to be thrown into bud. 



C. H. Totty. 



LEAF MINERS ON MUMS. 



Enclosed you will find a chrysanthe- 

 mum leaf. On examining it, you will 

 find some small worms between the up- 

 per and lower parts of the leaf. Is the 

 brown spot on the leaf caused by the 

 worms, or is it some kind of disease f 

 The leaves start to turn brown at the 

 edges, but they do not all contain 

 worms. If it is a disease, I should like 

 to know how to check it. If it is 

 caused by an insect, I should like to 

 know what kind of insect it is. 



J. E. S. 



The worm found between the inner 

 and outer skin of the leaf is a form of 

 tephritis, a near relative of the celery 

 leaf -miner. There is no way I know of 

 to destroy this pest except by squeez- 

 ing the worm between the thumb and 

 finger. Enclosed as it is, between the 

 two skins of the leaf, there is no in- 

 secticide strong enough to reach it with- 

 out injury to the leaf. I have heard 

 several complaints from different sec- 



tions of the country regarding the prev- 

 alence of this pest, but it never seems 

 to get particularly serious. The discol- 

 oration of the leaf is caused by this 

 worm sucking out the chlorophyll, or 

 greenish coloring matter, in the leaf, 

 leaving nothing but the skin. I note 

 tliat J. E. S. is using Bordeaux on the 

 leaves, and would say that there is 

 nothing better for the average leaf dis- 

 eases. Chas. H. Totty. 



INSECTS IN THE MUM HOUSE. 



We, like other florists, are bothered 

 by mealy bugs, but I think that we have 

 more than our share. Our chrysanthe- 

 mums are their favorite victims. We 

 keep the pests pretty well under sub- 

 jection by means of coal oil emulsion 

 and lemon oil. We also use nicotine oc- 

 casionally. We can kill the bugs with 

 these remedies, but not the little white 

 flies that deposit the eggs. Sometimes 

 we think we have them all under our 



One thing to be observed ab ut a 

 greenhouse is that all weeds o; any 

 other plants that may be a harbor for 

 insects should bo cut down and cL aned 

 away. This is particularly the casr with 

 reference to the thrips family, uhich 

 are such persistent enemies of roses 

 and carnations. I mention this bnause 

 C. F. C, states that the white flios ap- 

 pear to come in through the ventila- 

 tors, and I believe they do. The only 

 way to positively exterminate the white 

 fly is by persistent use of cyanide gas; 

 the directions for using this havi' ap- 

 peared repeatedly in "the columns of 

 The Review. 



The white fly is entirely distinct from 

 the mealy bug, although C. F. C. seems 

 to have the two confused. It has been 

 stated by men who have studied the 

 question that a reasonable fumigation 

 will kill the adult insects, but that 

 the eggs hatch out so frequently that 

 there is a new crop every day to take 

 the place of the ones destroyed. 



Chas. H. Totty. 



Mews from 



ro^ 



Marseilles, France. — The immortelles 

 are following the bulbs from Olliomes, 

 moving earlier than usual. 



Hamburg, Qermany. — August Hoh- 

 man & Sohne, valley exporters, are send- 

 ing their business associates throughout 

 the world official translations of the 

 German White-book, "How Russia and 

 Her Ruler Betrayed Germany's Confi- 

 dence and Thereby Caused the European 

 War." 



Loudon, England. — W. Cuthbertson, 

 head of one of the largest seed houses 

 in Scotland and chairman of the Hor- 

 ticultural Trades Association of Great 

 Britain, is quoted, as having said Sep- 

 tember 8: "I think I state the case 

 pretty accurately when I say that gen- • 

 erally since the declaration of war the 

 nursery and seed business has been bad- 

 ly hit and business has dropped off twen- 

 ty-five to fifty per cent. Some sections 

 are coming back towards normal, for ex- 

 ample, the flower trade in Covent Gar- 

 den. I was told so yesterday by Geo. 

 Monro." 



London, England. — At the annual 

 meeting of the Horticultural Trades As- 

 sociation of Great Britain and Ireland, 

 held September 8, it was reported that 

 the Dutch growers had canceled every 

 order for bulbs placed in this country, 

 including a large number to Guernsey, 

 bnt that some of them had refused to 

 allow cancellations by British firms for 

 bulbs and other goods from Holland. It 

 was resolved to publish an official ad- 

 vertisement instructing members to care- 

 fully preserve all evidence and corre- 

 spondence on this subject with a view 

 to future action by the association. W. 

 Cuthbertson was reelected president. 



Somergem, Belgium. — The Haerens 

 Co., azalea specialist, has notified its 

 foreign customers and agents that it 

 expects to fill all advance orders, ship- 

 ping via Holland. 



Liverpool, England. — The British gov 

 ernment is insuring all trans-Atlantic 

 shipments of English seeds and nursery 

 stock, the rate in the latter part of 

 September being only two and one-half 

 per cent, with the probability of an 

 early reduction. 



Darmstadt, Germany. — It is expected 

 here that the Rhine soon will be open 

 for traffic, as happened during,' the 

 Franco-Prussian war of 1870-71, with 

 the result that the grass seed cn'ps of 

 Baden and the Rhein province wi!l fi"'' 

 their way to Rotterdam. 



iiiners 

 ,ilant!^ 

 ■ also 

 . Bot- 

 York- 

 ,. tbi^ 

 •owtb 



Ghent, Belgium. — The Ghent ste 

 are again sailing to London, and 

 can be exported to Great Britaii' 

 to the United States, via Ghent t 

 terdam and Rotterdam to New 

 The azaleas are of excellent qualii 

 year. They have made splendid i: 

 and are exceptionally well budde'i 



London, England. — Trading wii 

 enemy has been forbidden by th 

 ernment. A trade paper report 

 "attempts are being made to int' 

 German products to England vi; 

 land, and it is said that a Dutch 

 trying to sell statice, ruscus, 

 foliage, wax, and cape flowers, pr 

 or made in Germany, to the Britif- 

 trade. We feel that only expo^ 

 needed to defeat this and that om 

 ers, when they once know the ori 

 the articles named, will promptly 

 to manage without them." 



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