THE ILLINOIS ]F_^RMER. 





it, and it fails, you suffer much. Get a 

 stock of hogs as soon as you can — raise 

 the pigs yourselves, get your clover pas- 

 tures ready for them, secure them where 

 you can have a supply of water, use the 

 best means by raising rye and peas to 

 feed them cheap, raise an early corn to 

 feed them in the fall before your great 

 corn crop is ripe, get them fat, and sell 

 them the first opportunity you have that 

 you can get a good price for them. 



This should be a great hog raising 

 country, and hogs have sold for years 

 and will continue tofiad sale at profitable 

 prices. But raise them cheap as you 

 can, not by starving them, but by feeding 

 them, and if they are fat in summer, 

 there is a market for them then, aa at all 

 times. Young farmers can turn their 

 hogs into money once a year, if they 

 have a good breed, and they should look 

 out for this. You want something that 

 will mature in twelve months; the prairie 

 alligator is not what you want. The 

 Berkshire, the Irish Grazier, the Safi'olk, 

 kept pure, or crosses of these, is what 

 you want. It would be a very comfort- 

 able thing for a small farmer to have 

 two hundred fat hogs to sell in the fall, 



worth fifteen dollars apiece. 



<«, _ 



The Native Raspberry. 



We have been informed that in the soiitli- 

 ern part of this State, there is considerable 

 variety in the native raspberry. One gen- 

 tleman informed us that he had found on one 

 occasion, hunting in the woods, a line black, 

 well flavored, small seeded raspberry, of the 

 black cap variety, which measured three- 

 quarters of an inch in diameter. We allude 

 to this matter now, because there is greut 

 diversity of opinion in regard to the rasp- 

 ben-ies offered for cultivation in the West. 

 Brinkle's Orange is the only kind of import- 

 ed stock that promises at all well without 

 winter protection. A native raspberry, of 

 large size, good fla-sor, tolerably free from 

 large seeds, hardy, prolific, wonld be a great 

 desideratum. Will our friends in Southern 

 Illinois, the coming season, sec if they can- 

 not find among the multitude of raspberries 

 to be found on the edges of old fields, or 

 about fallen and rotten trees, specimens of 

 fruit, such as is desired? — and in such case, 

 mark the plant for removal into gardens the 

 coming falll'' 



We suggest to the friends of horticulture 

 in the South to give attention to this mat- 

 ter. 



Sugar Mills. 



We are Hkely to have enough of them. 



Hedges, Free & Co. are mauufactui'ing them 

 in Cincinnati. Another house is manufiic- 

 turing them in the same place. And there 

 are two establishments in ^t. Louis that are 

 getting up sugar mills. Hammond & Co. at 

 Jacksouville, got up a milllast fall, that wa.s 

 very effective. We notice sugar mills ad- 

 vertised in other parts of the country. — 

 There will be enough of these mills in mar- 

 ket next fall. 



While we have no doubt that good eugar 

 and biolasscs can and will be mad^, where 

 the apparatus is good, and whei'e the opera- 

 tor underatarids his business, — -we are quite 

 sure that these will not be made well where 

 all these requisites are wanting. 



The sugar cane is and will be an institu- 

 tion of Illinois, but there will be failures in 

 manufacturing its juice and there will be 

 success. Success will follow knowledge, ex- 

 perience and the use of good apparatus. 



The Canoda Rceiprocal Treaty. 



When the interest? of the farmers can be 

 separated from politics, it will be altogether 

 better for them. A few years ago much was 

 said in favor of a reciprocal treaty with the 

 Canadas, by which they should send their 

 products to the United States, and we should 

 send ours to Canada. Now look at the re- 

 sult for the year ending on the 30th of June, 

 1857 : 



The import!" from Cannda to the Unitpil Stales, /or 

 1857. coDKistinijc of grain of all kimls, Hour aud 

 broadsluffs, acconliiiK to official iv|>ort flO,aO 1,567 



The expnrta toCaijwda f'-r the s.iii!e time, Cinisist— 

 ing- of Iwef, honiod Ciittlo, pork. l;i*fon, lani, livo 

 Lojjs, ludiau ceru, wheat aud flour... 3,oT0.92o 



6,e:}3,G42 



Thus our farmers in 18-57, were deprived 

 of a market for nearly seven millions worth 

 of produce, the balance against us on articles 

 of produce sent there aniountin,g to about 

 that sum. 



What is further to be thought of on this 

 subject is — that a good part of this produce 

 finds its way into the Eastern marktt-i in 

 winter, being more readily carried there from 

 Canada at that season of the year than the 

 same produce can be from the West — thus 

 to some extent enabling the Canadians to 

 monopolize the Eastern markets in winter to 

 the disadvantage of our farmers. 



We gather these items from a \qtj sensi- 

 ble communication we find in the Prairie 

 Farmtr. 



is the case — and the soil is pulverized fine, 

 you may sow the seed broadcast, pass over 

 the ground with a light harrow, and after- 

 wards roll it. Yoiir crop will then come up 

 well. If weeds should appear, they must be 

 pulled out, and then if the season is fine, 

 you can make a good crop. At least such 

 has been the result in a lumber of eases with- 

 in our knowledge. Large quantities are 

 raised in Iowa and in the Northern part of 

 this State, and find their way for sale Into 

 Central Illinois. • T~~- 



Hog Raising — in a Section op tLLi- 

 NOis. — We are assured that the following 

 conversation took place in county of this 

 State, in the late pork season: v v.;^.yl<^^ 



Mr. B.— (To a farmer.) — "Have you sold 

 your pork?" . 'irl*dt!>-: 



Farmer.— ''No, I can't afford to self my 

 hogs at the prices offered." ■,,•!.-- 



B. — What are you offered?" ' • ^ / 



Farmer. — ''Five dollars^ and my hogs cost 

 me more than that." 



B.— "How do you make that out?" 



Farmer. — "Why, I've fed them with corn 

 three years, aud the corn they have eat is 

 worth six dollars." 



B. — "But your hogs must be heavy; iow 

 much will they average?" 



Farmer. — "I think as much aa a hundred 

 and seventy-five pounds. No, I can't sell 

 them at five dollars. I will bacon them 

 first". ■-•:.; 



Note. — The farmers on Cash should im- 

 prove their breed of hogs. 



tr^ The British Government are 

 about sending an expedition, under di- 

 rection of Mr. Livingstone, to examine 

 the interior of Africa. He has vessels 

 or steam boats, by which he will pene- 

 trate far into the interior by means of the 

 Zarabero river. His examinations al- 

 ready made of the country through which 

 that river passes, shows that it is fertile, 

 well peopled, and that a great comnierce, 

 requiring European goods, could be cre- 

 ated there. The natives raisca very fine 

 article of cotton — and perhaps this arti- 

 cle is the inducement for this new explor- 

 in*' exTjedition. 



Ox 



-»•<. 



Onions. 

 There were a good many failures in the 

 attempt to raise onions last year. Generally 

 this was caused by the neglect of the culti- 

 vator. Many suppose they have only to sow 

 onion seed broadcast on plowed ground "and 

 brush it in, and then the onions will take 

 care of themselves. This is not so. If the 

 land is clean of weeds — if you are sure this 



1^^ Mrs. Eliza W. Farnham, (well 

 known to many of our citizens as the 

 widow of T. J. Farnham, formerly of 

 Tazewell county,) is the Secretary of the 

 Woman's Protective Emigration Society, 

 19 Canal Street, New York. This So- 

 ciety have sent out to the West several 

 companies of women, whose object is to 

 obtain situations where, by industry, they' 



