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174 



THE ILLINOIS FARMER. 



head of Spring Flowering Bulbs. The 

 flower garden cannot be complete without a 

 good assortment of these. 



Alterations in the flower garden, lawn, or 

 shrubbery, now may be made, such as mak- 

 ing flower beds, new walks, graveling, sod- 

 ding, cS:c. The soil is now in a better condi- 

 tion to work, and this is generally a more 

 leisure season than the spring. 



Transplanting many of the deciduous trees 

 and shrubs may be done immediately after 

 the fall of the leaf. All fall planting is bet- 

 ter done early. If left till just before hard 

 frosts set in, better leave it till spring. 

 Many of the hardiest shrubs bloom earlier 

 and better, the next season, by being planted 

 early in the fall. The pyrus japonica, 

 altheas, syringas, spireas, &c., are of this 

 class. 



Cultivation of Cucumbers. 



Last spring a friend of mine and myself 

 were planting cucumbers at the same time. 

 I was planting mine as usual in gardens, by 

 mixing a small portion of stable manure with 

 the earth, and raising the hill an inch or two 

 above the level of the ground. Observing 

 it, he jocosely remarked: "Let me show 

 you how to raise cucumbers." Never having 

 had much luck in raising them, I cheerfully 

 agreed to his proposition. He commenced 

 by making holes in the earth at the distance 

 inteuded for hills, that would hold about a 

 peck ; he then filled them with dry leeched 

 ashes, covering the ashes with a very small 

 quantity of earth. The seeds were then 

 planted on a level with the surface of the 

 ground. I was willing to see the experi- 

 ment tried, but had no expectation of any- 

 thing but a loss of seed, labor and soil. But 

 imagine my astonishment, (notwithstanding 

 a dryer season never was known, and almost 

 a universal failure of garden vegetables,) 

 when I beheld the vines remarkably thrifty, 

 and as fine a crop of cucumbers as any one 

 could wish to rai.se, and they continued to 

 bear for an unusually long time. I will not 

 philosophize on the subject, but say to all — 

 try it ; and instead of throwing your ashes 

 away, apply them where they will be of use, 

 and you will reap a rich reward. — Ex- 

 change . 



. <•* 



i'rom tho Rural New Yorker. 



Gapes in Cliiekens. 



Messrs. Eih.: — Having noticed an inqui- 

 ry as to the cause and cure of gapes in chick- 

 ens, accompanied by the remarks of the edi- 

 tor, in a late number of the Rural, I take 

 the liberty to present a theory as to the cause; 

 and also, a sure remedy. As far as my ob- 

 servation extended, the disease is caused by 

 a white "hair worm" (found in chip yards) 

 getting into the throat of the chick, thereby 

 choking it. The remedy is as follows : Fill 

 a pipe with tobacco, as for smoking, and af- 

 ter lighting, (instead of inserting the stem 

 into your own mouth and whiffing the smoke 

 into the atmosphere, thereby poisoning the 

 air you breathe,) insert the stem into the bill 

 of the chick, and by placing your thumb and 

 fore-finger on each side of the bill, so as to 

 force as much of the smoke down the throat 

 and wind-pipe as possible, then blow into the 

 bowl of the pipe and continue to do so until 

 the chick begins to "wilt" and lop its head ; 



then lay it down and it will, after a time, 

 begin to recover from the effects of the 

 smoke, and being once up again, it will in- 

 dignantly throw the worms out of its breath- 

 ing and gastronomic apparatus and be per- 

 fectly recovered from tho disease. 



J. B. Baker. 

 East rharsaUa, N. 7., 1858. 

 <•».. 



From the Chiro Gazette. 

 Cairo and Fulton Railroad. 



The most important public work for the ben-, 

 cfitot CHiri), in contemplation, is the C:iiro and 

 Fulton Railroad. The completion of this road 

 even so far as liloomtield. Mo. will open to our 

 merchants a heavy trade now centered at Cape 

 Ginivdeau and St. Louis. The difficulty of 

 access to market has kept south western Mis- 

 eouri imd northern Arkanpas as it were a 

 •'sealed book," the settlers being obliged to 

 make a circuit of nearly one hundred miles to 

 reach a shipping point. Lately, tho Iron 

 Mountain Kiilroad has been completed to 

 Pilot Knob, thirty miles from Bloointield and 

 seventy five from St. Louis; this gives readier 

 access to market, and already has produced a 

 market influence upon the country. But still 

 a more direct and accessible avenue to thegreut 

 marts both east and south is required — one 

 that would put them in communication with 

 New Orleans, the great depot of western pro- 

 ducts, and this want is to be fill<Ml by the Cairo 

 and Fulton llailrord, and which we expect to 

 see in operation as far as Bloomfield, in the 

 month of January, 1860. 



The entire length of this road when comple- 

 ted will be eighty miles, twelve miles of which 

 to Charleston, are nearly ready for the lies. 

 Owino; to the heavy overflow last summer, 

 operations upon the work were suspended, and 

 some alight damage done t > that portion of the 

 road already graded. Three thousand dollars 

 will, lu wever, repair all damage, instead of ten 

 thousand, as at first reported. Between Bird's 

 Point and Charleston, a portion of tressed work 

 and piling jet remain to incorporate; the 

 balance of the work with the exception of a 

 few gaps, is in good order, and the track-layers 

 will coiumonce operations early next month. — 

 Iron for thirty miles of the roud has been pur- 

 chased, of which thirteen hundred tons is on 

 the waj, and will be here in two weeks at the 

 farthest. Rolling stjck, consisting of two 

 locomotives, two passenger and fifteen freight 

 cars, which will be fully sufficient to equip the 

 first division, have also been purohasod, and 

 will be on tho ground as soon as necessity re- 

 quires. 



The resources of this Company are equal to 

 those of any other road of similar extent in 

 the West, and its affairs have been so admira- 

 bly cimducted that even during the wtiole of 

 the present financial crisis, its credit remained 

 uniinpsiired. The projectors and stockholders 

 being men of ample means, wisely refused to 

 embarrass the u'ldertaking by loreing its binds 

 upcm the market, but preferred to prosecute 

 tlie work only so fast as the me\ns in hand 

 would permit, thus avoiding the error upon 

 which so many western roads went to ruin, and 

 caused the present depreoiuti jn of all manner 

 of railroad securities. 



It is s;i!e to say thar the bonds of the Com- 

 pany will more tiiaii pay the entire cost of C(^u- 

 sini ;riori and equipment of the road in the 

 most substantial manner. Five hundred and 

 sovcnty'-one thousand acres of the finest land 

 in south western Missouri have been donated 

 to the Company, which, at five dollars per 

 acre — a moderate estimate when the road is 

 conu'letei — will bring m §2,855,000 — while 

 the entire c ist of the road, including interests, 

 ciimmissionn, discounts on Jionds, etc., will not 

 ex-^eed $2 080,000. In addition to this land 

 grant, the road lias paid in stock subscriptions 

 $52,150, and loans Iroui the State of Missouri 



to the amount of $050,000, having twenty and 

 thirty years to run, at G per cent, interest. 

 These State bonds are drawn only ns the road 

 progresses, and are applied strictly to the 

 work. 



Thus it will be seen that the Company have 

 benefitted — as population pcurs in, and markets 

 are offered for their products, prices will be en- 

 hanced, their lands rapidly increase in value, 

 and all the discomforts and inconvenience of a 

 sparsely settled country be remeiiied. The 

 Cairo and Fulton road is one of the most impor- 

 tant works to the west in progress, and we are 

 pleased that it has fallen into such prudent 

 hands as will assuredly secure its early comple- 

 tion. 



HjXiIISrOIS F -A. I?, Is/I E It 

 FOR 185 9. 



Clubs cannot bo made up too early. We 



appoint every subscriber we have and every 



post master in the State as Agents. 



Remember the Terms ! 



One Copy per yeak . . . 81,00. 



Five Copies " .... 3,75. 



Ten Copies " .... 7,50. 



Fifteen Copies, and over, G2J cents 

 per copy. 



An extra copy will be sent to persons get- 

 ting ten subscribers and over. 



The great political excitement will be 

 ended in a few days, and farmers will find it 

 a pleasure to return to the duties of the 

 farm. 



We hope to improve on the Farmer the 

 ensuing year, and render it of essential be- 

 nefit to its subscribers. 



We appeal to our agricultural friends to 

 increase our patronage. We have no travel- 

 ing agents. 



October 29, 1858. 



COMMERCIAL. 



Springtield Market— Oct. 30. 



WHEAT— 70(aS0|% bu; 

 VU)U1{— »-l &'ufe$5'|*brl; 

 COKN — iO@60 bii; scarce; 

 COKN MEAl.r-75i^ bu; 

 BUOKWllKAT— 11; 

 OATS~30c %» bu; uone; 

 BK A N S— 7i>(ainK) '^Xixx; 

 JOtAN— lOcl^bu; 

 .'-Hoax-'— 16 %« bu; 

 Tl MOTIIY 3EKD— $2T4f,bu; 

 II UN G A KI A N r. Seed $Vi 60; 

 MIM-KT— *1 26; 

 OLOVKK— $7 t^bu; 

 NKW POVATOES— Co(»75; 

 TAY— SS-t), ton; 

 TAI.LuW— So t*lb; 

 SOAI'— twr; lij-^c f. lt>; 

 CAN'OLES— lie t^box; 

 I'OKK— $1 'f, lOU tb.s; 

 IJ.VOUN — New hiiius, 7@8 1b, 

 11 AGON— tides, 7toS lb; 



KOGS— 5®7c ^ doz; 

 LAUD— 8® 10c i^ lb; 

 SUGAR— »Cd>10c "f, lb; 

 COFFEE— l'a©15c%i ft; 

 MOLASSES — 15@00c "^ gftl; 

 SALT— fl 76^ sack; 

 SALT— S;-2 50 %< l)rl; 

 UONEY— l&o%*lb; 

 ONIONS— 81 t<bu; 

 MACK EKEL— 13(0^.200 No. 1; 

 COUKISH— $0 75 t< 100 lt)s; 

 APPLES— Greeu, .30(5;>$1; 

 APPLES— Dried, 2 1?, bu; 

 WOOD- $3 ."iOfu^li ^ cord; 

 COAIy— 12c'#bu; 

 PEACHES— Orie<l none; 

 WUISKV— 1> bl 25(a,«0¥Sgal; 

 VlNEdAK— " VI l?(pal; 

 UKOO.MS— -fJ.doz 150(ui$2 50 

 IIU TTEIl— 16cfe26c 1^ fc. 



-••i- 



St. Liouis Market— Oct. 23. 



yUEIO UTS— To New Orleans. Flour 60c and W hisky $1 10 

 ^ bbl; pound freight 36c ^ 100 lbs. 



Fl.oC K — SiilHi to-d»y ol two lots of 1,000 bids each of city 

 Bupertiue.at J4 50 '-[*, lb lOli countTy siipertiue at J4 •J.h, lou lb 

 extra on private terms; 50 slis I'uacy at $2 26 '^ sack, and 

 loo do at .f2 10 



W1IE.\T — liow grades dull — clioice n fair roijue't; sales 

 oft'>-d:iy iticlmle So 8kH poor spring at 45c; 30 and 100 sks lio 

 at 50o; io2 xks do at OOo; OU do at 61c; 51 and 82 sks at 65c; 

 15H at 70c; 62, h7, 113, 146 and 208 sksspriuj; at 7oc; Olfks do 

 at 77 J-^c; 252 «k« club at 78c 02 «ks bleached fall at 75c; 208 

 inferior at 80c; 200 and I2o sks at 83c; 190 at 82>$c; 1,000, 140 

 91 and 350 Hks atSoc; 171 sks at 87)^c; 75 sk.n at UOo: 167 sks 

 at Hoc; 36. 96 and 132 -ks at !)6c; 140 sks at fl; 147 sks at $1 

 (aU 02: 130 sks at $1('^1 03, 23; 129 and 183 sks at $1 05; 200 

 Bks at $1 10 %^ bushel. 



COit^ — ^liiw Hiile; we onty noted enlcs toKi'iy of 81 sks 

 (laiiiakted at &2c; 140 sks at56c, and 47 aud 200 sks white at 

 6Sc: IS bn. 



OATS — SalcB to.day were 254 sacks at 45c; IS9 s s at 50c 



