1861. 



THE ILLmOIS FAKMER. 



299 



which, extending to the river bottom, affords fine 

 lime stone in the bluffs. We must confess that our 

 own faith is weak in the experiment. In some of 

 his fields be has sown winter wheat continually 

 for over fifteen years, and now when the crop 

 lags, we think a change to grass will prove more 

 beneficial than lime. Mr. C. is a believer in the 

 value of manure, and is careful to spread it upon 

 his land, and as he has some twenty -eight head 

 of horses and mules, one hundred of cattle, and 

 a fine lot of hogs, he has no small amount of it 

 to haul out. His fences, gates and buildings are 

 all kept in good order and ready for use. 



THE PEACH OBCHAKD. 



Is set eighteen feet each way, the trees are large 

 and full of fruit, but have been badly injured by 

 the late severe winters, and will not last more 

 than a few years at the best, probably this is the 

 last heavy crop that they will produce. They 

 have been set seven years, and have proved very 

 profitable. 



THE PEACH GRCB. 



These have proved troublesome heretofore, 

 but now Mr. C. has a remedy, hog manure, ashes 

 and tobacco stems, each will drive out the grubs. 

 He has purchased tobacco stems by the waggon 

 load, put them at the roots of the tree in the 

 spring, and no worm will trouble them. Hog 

 manure put at the roots of the tree has the same 

 effect. Tobacco being largely grown in the 

 neighborhood, the stems are cheap, costing little 

 more than the hauling. 



PROTEOTI0N. 



Though the farm is shut in by heavy walls of 

 forest, yet so desirable is shelter from the wind 

 that Mr. C. is now making a tight board fence 

 on the north and west side of his peach orchard 

 six feet high, to break off the wind. 



C0LTUaB. 



Along the rows of trees, three feet on each 

 side, they are cultivated with a one horse plow, 

 while the intervening space of twelve feet is in 

 clover, now being mown and used for hay. 



Next week he will begin to send his crop to 

 market at Hannibal and Quincy, each equidistant 

 ten miles, from these peints dealers ship ihem east 

 and north, mostly from Quincy by river. 



THE APPLE OECHABD. 



The heads of most of his apple trees are four 

 to Biz feet high, and in many cases show the 



effects of the sun on the west side of the trunks. 

 The oldest part of the orchard has been set sev- 

 enteen years,showing that during his early years of 

 farm life Mr. C. paid little attention to what is 

 now his favorite pursuit, fruit growing. Some 

 of these trees are a foot in diameter, with wide- 

 spreading tops, and look as though they 

 might last half a century yet. To within the 

 past three years they have been cultivated in 

 corn and other crops, bat since then, simply 

 plowed and harrowed two or three times during 

 the season. 



THE BLIGHT 



Is somewhat prevalent on the apple, affecting 

 most varieties more or less ; it is also on the 

 forest trees, especially along the ravines and 

 edges of t^e clearing. On the pear it is quite 

 destructive, and has nearly ruined the whole 

 pear orchard. Trees six inches in diameter, 

 loaded with fruit, were dying with it. Some 

 dozen years since, the same fire blight went through 

 the country, and left but few psar trees in its 

 pathway. As we have only met it along the Mis- 

 sissippi river, we hope it will not travel inland. 



VARIETIES OF APPLE CULTIVATED. 



American Golden Russet, 



Milam, 



White Bellflower, 



Early Strawberry, 



Sweet Butter, 



Maiden's Blush, 



Yellow Bellflower, 



Holland Pippin, 



Pennsylvania Red Streak, 



Grannywinkle, 



Early Harvest, 



Smith's Cider, 



Pryor's Red, 



Ohio Winter, 



Summer Queen, 



Raule's Janet, 



Vandevere 



Baldwin, 



Sweet Paradise, 



Sweet Romanite, 



Peck's Peasant, 



G. W. Sweet, 



English Red Streak, cider, 



Jonathan, 



Red June, 



Yellow Newtown Pippin, 



Romanstom, 



Old Pearmain, 



Winesap, 



good. 



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