1862. 



THE ILLINOIS FAEMER 



69 



Weights and Measures of Various 

 Farm Products and Other Things 

 in Various Countries. 



In England and America grain is generally 

 rated by the bushel, though it is not the same 

 measure ; for here we use the Winchester bushel, 

 which contains 2,160 42-100 cubic inches. There, 

 since 1826, the le^al measure is called the impe- 

 rial bushel, which contains 2,218 cubic inches ; 

 80 that 32 of their bushels are about equal to 33 

 of ours. 



The following are the commercial weights of a 

 bushel of diiferent articles, viz : Wheat, beans, 

 potatoes and clover seed, 60 pounds. Corn, rye 

 flaxseed and onions, 56 pounds. Corn on the 

 cob weighs 70 pounds. Buckwheat, 52; barley, 

 48; hempseed, 44; timothyseed, 45; castorbeans, 

 46; oats, 32; bran, 20; blue grass seed, 14; 

 ealt, 50, according to one account, but Onon- 

 daga salt is 56, (the real weight of coarse is 85 

 pounds to the busliel;) dried apples, 24; dried 

 peach°s 33, according to a table lately published 

 in numerous papers, but according to our exper 

 ience both are wrong. We have seen thousands 

 of bushels sold at 22 pounds to the bushel, which 

 will measure about three pecks. 



Heaping Measures. — Potatoes, turnips, and es- 

 culent rcots, apples aud other fruits, meal and 

 bran, and in some states oats are sold by heaping 

 measui'e, which contains 2,815 cubic inches. 

 The size of a Winchester bushel measure, is a 

 circular ring with straight sides 8 inches high 

 and 18j in diameter. A box 12 inches square, 

 with sides 7.7 1-32 inches high, will hold half a 

 bushel. 



Barrel Measures. — Rice, 600pounds; flour, 196 

 pounds; powder, 25 pounds; cider and other 

 liquids, 30 gallons ; corn, 5 bushels, shelled. By 

 this lat*er measure crops are estimated, and corn 

 bought and sold throughout most of the Southern 

 and Western States. At New Orleans, a barrel 

 of com is a flour barrel full of ears. In some 

 parts of the West it is common to count a hun- 

 dred ears for a bushel. 



Ton Weight and Ton Measure. — A ton of hay 

 or any course bulky article usually sold by that 

 measure, is twenty gross hundred; that s, 2,240 

 pounds ; though in many places that ridiculous 

 old fashion is being done away with and 2,000 

 pounds only counted to a ton. 



A ton of lumber, if round, consists of 40 cubic 

 feet; if square, 54 feet. A tun of wine, is 252 

 gallons. 



A Quarter of Corn is the fourth of a ton, or 

 eight imperial bushels. This is an English mea- 

 sure, not in use in this country, though very 

 necessary to be known, so as to understand agri- 

 cultural reports. So of several of the following 

 weight and measures: 



A Lasp of scat, ashes, herring, &c., 12 bar- 

 rels ; of corn, 10 quarters ; of gunpowder, 24 

 barrels; of flax or feathers, 1,700; of wool, 12 

 Backs. 



A Sack of Wool\s 22 stone; that is, 14 pounds 

 to the stone, 308 pounds. 



A Boll of Wool is the same weight. 



A Pack of Wool is 17 stone 2 pounds — 240 

 pounds, a pack load for a horse. 



A Tod of Wool is 2 stone, that is 28 pounds ; 

 6J tods 1 wey ; and 2 ways a sack. 



A Clove of Wool is 7 pounds, or half a stone. 

 Recollect, a stone is 4p pounds, when talking of 

 wool, and other meats, it is only pounds. 



A Truss of Hay, new, 60 pounds; old, 56; of 

 straw, 40 pounds. A load, 36 trusses. 



A Firkin of Butter is 56 pounds; a tub 84. 



A Scotch Pint contains 105 cubic inches, and is 

 equal to four English pints. 



A Farlot of Wheat is 21 J Scotch pints. 



Troy Weight and Avoirdupois Weight. — One 

 hundred and forty-four pounds avoirdupois are 

 equal to 175 pounds Troy — 175 ounces xroy are 

 equal to 192 ounces avoirdupois. All precious 

 metals are bought and sold by Troy weight. 



Kilogramme of France is 1,000 grammes, and 

 equal to 2 pounds 2 ounces, 4 grains avoirdupois. 



A Chaldron of Coal is 58f cubic feet, generally 

 estimated 36 bushels. A bushel of anthracite 

 coal weighs 80 pounds, which makes the weight 

 of a chaldron 2,880. 



Weights of a Cubic Foot. — Of sand or loose 

 earth, 95 iDOunds; compact sod, 124: strong or 

 clayey soil, 127; pure clay, 135; mixture of 

 stones and clay, 160 ; masonry of stone, 205 ; 

 brick, 125 ; cast iron, 450 , steel, 489 ; copper, 

 486; lead, /09 ; silver, 654; gold, 1,203; pUtina, 

 1,218; gla.js, 180; water, 62; tallow, 59, cork, 

 15; oak tiojber, 73 ; mahogony, 66; air 0753. 

 In the abore, fractions are disregarded. 



A Bale o ^ Cotton, in Egypt, is 90 pounds ; in 

 America, a commercial bale is 400 pounds, but is 

 put in difi^trent States varying from 280 to 720 

 pounds. Sea Island cotton is put up in sacks of 

 300. 



A Bale of Hay is 300 pounds. 



A Cord of Wood is 128 solid feet usually put 

 up 8 feet long, 4 feet wide and 4 high. In 

 France a cord of wood is 576 feet. 



A Stach of Wood\& 108 solid feet ; 12 feet long, 

 3 high, and 3 wide. A skid of wood is a round 

 bundle of small sticks, 4 feet long, girting for a 

 one notch, 16 inches; two notch, 23 inches; 

 three-notch, 28 inches; four-notch, 33 inches ; 

 five notch, 38 inches. A billet of wood is simila; 

 to a skid, being 3 feet long, 7, 10 and 14 incher 

 round. They are sold by the score or hundreds 

 A scoi e is 20 in number. 



Fago's are bundler of brush 3 feet long and 2 

 feetrouod. A load of fagots is 50 such bundles. 

 A quintal of wood is 100 pounds. All fuel should 

 be sold by the pound. 



A Percn, of Stone is 25 feet, piled, or 22 in the 

 wall. 



Lime and Sand to a perch of stone. Three 

 pecks of lime, and two-thirds of a one horse cart 

 load of sand. 



Weight of Lime. — A bushel of limestone weighs 

 142 pounds; after it is burned, if weighed 

 directly from the kiln, 75 pounds ; showing that 

 67 pounds of carbonic acid and water have been 



