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1862 



THE ILLINOIS FAEMER. 



183 



ed to canal boats and transferred by floating ele- 

 vators at New York on board the vessel. Now, 

 ■ffhich is the cheaper for the foreign buyer — to 

 purchase the dirt at Chicago, or New York, or 

 Liverpool ? Unqueptionably the former place, 

 as he has saved all expense on worthless stuff 

 from that point. Another advantage gained by 

 such an arrangement would be, that having 

 given the grain a cleaning here, the character 

 of Western wheat in the estimation of foreign 

 buyers would be improved, as when this same 

 grain was received at the mill it would then be 

 cleaned again by them, and any one acquainted 

 lyith the necpssity of not only thoroughly separ- 

 ating but scouring our grain, would at once per- 

 ceive the advanced value there would be to our 

 grain by reason of the improved color of the 

 flour. In this way there would be less white 

 winter wheat flour from spring wheat made in 

 Michigan, and more of our spring wheat used in 

 Philadelphia, Pittsburgh and other points where 

 they now regard spring wheat from Chicago in 

 their mil's as they would the plague. What we 

 want is the best character for our wheat at Chi- 

 cago, and leave it in the best merchantable con- 

 dition in Liverpool with the least cost to the 

 farmer, whe really has to pay all the losses. 



Clean Geain. 



— Every farmer who has a barn should own a 

 gof d fanning mill, none of your blast fans like 

 the eagle, but one with a complete set of sieves 

 and screen, like those of Goodrich, of Aurora, 

 by which you can thoroughly clein any kind of 

 grain or seeds, and which if well used, will last 

 a century ; but if you lend it, as we haye done, 

 its days will be few and full of trouble. Ed. 



The Raspberry. 



The fruit of the raspberry is productive upon 

 Buffruticose stems, which spring from the groun<f 

 either in the same or the prcvous year. In 

 most of the kinds it is produced upon lateral 

 shoots, w ich are borne by the previous year's 

 canes. This fruit shrub differs from others of \x>' 

 class in the stems not being persistent, but only 

 of annual duration. They are of an herbaceous 

 rather than a shrubby character. The object of 

 the cultivator should be to get tbese annual 

 shoots as strong as possible ; and, as multiplici- 

 ty nf suckers are thrown up by all the kinds 

 (but the true yellow Antwerp, which propagates 

 with great shyness), they mui-t as soon as they 

 can be seen, be reduced to two or three shoots 

 ■which are to form the canes for next year's crop. 

 Care must be taken to secure them from the ac- 

 tion ot the wind by secuiiug them to stakes, and 

 whenever the preceding years' s crop ot fruit is* 

 over, the rem >val < f the old canes will be an ad- 

 Taniage to the yourg ones. Two or three canes 

 may be tied to a single stake, at the distance of 

 five teet each way. This distance may startle 

 the amateur, but where it can be given, it is a 

 decided advantage; and those who cannot af- 



ford so much, must bend to circumstances and 

 do with less. 



[We think the stakes useless, and prefer to 

 cut back at the timf* of the winter pruning to 

 within two. or at most, two and a half feet of the 

 ground. We hav<? discarded the whole family of 

 Englisd raspberries as well as a part of the 

 American — the Black Cap, Purple Cam., and 

 Brinklies' Orange are the principle ones left ; 

 the others will scarcely repay the trouble of cul- 

 ture with us of the prairie. Had we a good 

 snow covering for winter, the list could be ex- 

 tended, Ed. III. Faembb ] 



At the time of the winter pruning the points 

 of the shoots may be shortened aliitle and fresh 

 stakes put to them, which completes the process 

 for the season. 



The formation of the flower-buds may be re- 

 tarded, and a late crop of fruit obtained by cut- 

 ting down some of the shoots to wit lin two or 

 three eyes of the ground. New and Vigorous 

 shoets will be produced from the eyes, which 

 will not form their truit till later than others, 

 and thus the season of this desirable fruit may 

 be much prolonged. The double-bearing is a 

 valuable kind, and should have the canes of the 

 alternate stools cut down to two or three eyes 

 annually. They will thus give fruit almost till 

 Christmas, in mild seasons. The finest fruit is 

 in all cases produced upon the strongest and 

 beat ripened canes. Full exposure is therefore 

 necessary to obtain these, and single rows will, 

 on this account, always be found most produc- 

 tive. — Journal of Horticulture. 



Personal. — Robert Eennicott, son of Doctor 

 Kenricott, of "Theflrove," and an eminent natu- 

 ralist, who is tr iveling in the northern British 

 Possessions, ooUeciing specimens for the Smith- 

 sonian Institute and the Audubon Club o this 

 city, has been heard froai at Fori Anderson, far 

 within the Polar A'C, under <iate of Ju'y, 1861. 

 He purposes visiiing the Arctic Coast in July, 

 and then starting sor h me the first of August, 

 rfachiiig here in December. Every facility has 

 been extended to him by he Biitisb G. verumtnt 

 to prosecute his researches, in wh;ch he has been 

 eminently successful.. — Chicago Tribune. 



How TO Pick Strawbkkbies — "^he editor of 

 the Horticulturist objects to the usual method of 

 picking strawberries He says that in akin^off 

 the stems and calyx the berriei* are much bruised 

 and their appearance injured. Id a 1 large ber- 

 ries he would have pladed on the table with the 

 calyx and a portion of the stem r^nainirg. In 

 marketing, berries thus picked will st-ll much 

 better, as they do not injure so much from 

 transportation. He also hopes to see the day 

 when "strawberries will be grown with such a 

 happy combination of flavor and sweetness, that 

 no auxilliary in the form of sugar will be need- 

 ed to render them palatable." Amen, 



