226 



THE ILLmOlS FAKMER. 



Aug. 



with deep interest as showing the progress 

 of horticulture, in our own and adjoining 

 States. Every person engaged in market 

 gardening, in market fruits, and in the sale 

 of flowers, will find it to their interest to not 

 only attend, but to compete for the prizes. 

 Every farmer . who intends to plant an or- 

 chard, all who have an orchard to cultivate, 

 all who have a garden either for vegetables 

 or flowers, should be present to learn what 

 is best to plant and how best to cultivate. 

 Let it be a rousing Fair of products and of 

 people. 



Pall Plowing. 



So soon as the small grains are harvested 

 no time should be lost in putting the plow 

 to work. The stubble ahould be turned un- 

 der with a shallow furrow, that the grain 

 shattered out on the ground may come up 

 for fall feed for stock, and to rot the weeds 

 and other trash that covered the surface, be- 

 sides this, if again plowed in the spring, the 

 plow can go below the old furrow and not 

 turn up, but turn under still deeper the seeds 

 of weeds. Some years since we took a good 

 lesson in this mode of plowing : we deeply 

 fall plowed some three acres intended for 

 spring rape, this we again plowed the last of 

 May. The surface at the time was almost 

 free of weeds and would done well to have 

 beea sown with the rape, but we was bound 

 for a big crop and in went the plow up to 

 the beam, but just reaching the bottom of 

 the fall furrow — the result was the bringing 

 to the surface all the seeds of the last years 

 crop of weeds and unrotted stubble; the rape 

 was sown and the result a fine crop of weeds 

 which soon choked out the rape, but it has 

 proved & valuable lesson both to us and to 

 others. 



J^CoBH Geiddub-Cakk. — Scald at night half the 

 quantity of meal to be used ; mix the other with 

 cold water until it is a thick batter ; add a little 

 Bait and set it to rise without yeast. This will 

 make light crisp cakes in the morniDg. The 

 ekimminsrs of boiled meat is the best to fry them 

 with. Fry slowly. 



Lambs Dying from Wool in the Stomach. — 

 Lambs very frequently swallow particles of wool 

 which, in playfallness, they suck and bite from 

 their dams ; to prevent which the dams, when 

 this occurs, should be smeared with a mixture 

 of aloes and water, or assafoetida and water. 

 When they swallow the wool and it gets mixed 

 with curd in the stomach, it forms hard balls 

 that are indigestible ; but the administration of 

 a teaspoonfnl of soda mixed in water twice or 

 thrice a day, dissolves and digests the curd, if 

 not too far gone. Calves frequently die of the 

 same disease, and the only remedy yet found is 

 the soda. 



Monopoly. 



The great strides that monopoly is making to 

 crush out individual enterprise in the last year or 

 two, cannot fail to arrest the attention of every 

 lover of the good old times when every man stood 

 or fell on the strength of his own individual mer- 

 it. What has hitherto been a free avenue of 

 trade and commerce, is now being tried to be 

 blocked up by individual effort, by heavy monied 

 corporations or companies. Our railroads are 

 in themselvea heavy monied monopolies, having 

 a sliding scale of freight rates, as the capacity 

 they possess is pressed upon can and do, at their 

 pleasure, fix their rates of transportation to suit 

 the pressure on them for facilities to forward 

 produce. Not content with this, the managers of 

 some of them, give the management of their sta- 

 tions and the station warehouses into the hands 

 of a monopoly that exacts a charge, beside the 

 freight, from every one that offers produce for 

 freighting over their road, thus extorting an un- 

 just charge from the producer or shutting him 

 out from the privilege of being his own consign- 

 or. There is no j ustice in this system of man- 

 agement. All railroads should charge enough in 

 their freight bill to pay all expenses of shipping, 

 give their agents a stated salary for his services, 

 and have their warehouses, side tracks and cars, 

 free to all shippers alike, that would load their 

 car promptly, and not have it as it now is, a sys- 

 tem to fenci out farmers from shipping their own 

 produce. — Farmer' i Advocate, Chicago. 



— The above, we suppose, applies more partio- 

 ularly to the Chicago and Burlington road, a 

 road that has always, we believe, been managed 

 on the purely selfish plan. Renting of ware- 

 houses is a feature that should be discarded at 

 once by the road. It is far better that the road 

 should charge a cent a bushel extra, than to put 

 the warehouses into the hands of those who will 

 monopolize the business. What is wanted at the 

 stations is free trade and equal facilities to all to 

 ship their produce to market. We never sell at 

 the station, but always ship to market, let that 



