246 



THE ILLINOIS FARMER 



Aug. 



The Illinois Farmer, 



BAILHACHE & BAKER PTIBLISHERS 



M. L. DrXLAP. EDITOE. 



SPRINGFIELD, AUGUST, 1862. 



Editor's Table. 



The cereals have been gathered, the hay is in 

 loft or stack, all but the late upland prairie grass, 

 the millet and Hungarian and second growth of 

 clover are yet to be harvested. Wheat sowing 

 approaches and the farmer's work yet looms up 

 in a portentious wall before him ; he has no time 

 to lose ; his task will not be done before thebleak 

 days of December shall drive him indoors. 



In spring time and early summer he worked on 

 hope ; now he can see the result of his labors , 

 whether they have been well or ill directed, 

 whether the season has been favorable or other- 

 wise, he is reaping a proportionate r ward. 



We need not attempt to do two days work in 

 one, but use brains and lay out our labor to the 

 best possible advantage, secure the several crops 

 as they mature and let none go to waste. The 

 days now begin to shorten, though the heat is 

 not less ardent, but the summer nights are more 

 cool and we feel as though rapidly marching on 

 to autumn. Apples are now abundant in most 

 places for cooking, but few eatiag — this comes of 

 the error in planting a large majority of the or- 

 chards to winter fruit, an error that should be 

 corrected in the planting of every new orchard. 

 Stubble land should now be plowed to keep the 

 autumn weeds from filling the land with their 

 foul seeds. If it be plowed again in spring, 

 plow shallow, if not, plow deep. Fall plowing 

 has become the order of the day in the north 

 pert of the State, and is receiving attention in 

 the center, while of the south we are not pre- 

 pared to say much at present, for its mortar-like 



soil has such a peculiar way of finding its own 

 lexel, that we are somewhat doubtful of the 

 value of plowing it until spring, but if weedy 

 should risk the experiment. 



The Mat Cherry Again.— In the Fruit Cata- 

 logue of Messrs. Elwanger & Barry, for 1860, 

 we find the following under the head of "Duke 

 and Morello Cherries:" 



These two classes of cherries are very distinct 

 from the preceding. The trees are of smaller 

 size, and grow more slowly ; the leaves are 

 thicker ana more erect, and of a deeper green. 

 The fruit is generally round, and in color vary- 

 ing from light red, like Belle de Choisy. to dark 

 brown, like May Duke or Morello. 



The Dukes have stout, erect branches usually, 

 and some of them, like Bell? de Choisy and 

 Rsine Hortense, quite sweet, while the Morellos 

 have slender, spreading branches and acid fruit 

 ihvariably. These two classes are peculiarly 

 appropriate for Dwarfs and Pyramids, on the 

 Mahaleb stock, and their hardiness renders them 

 well worthy of attention in localities where the 

 Heart and Bigarreaus are too tender. 



Belle do Choist/ — Medium size, amber shaded 

 and mottled wiih red, tender, melting, sweet and 

 rich ; rather a shy bearer. Tree makes a pretty 

 pyramid. End of June. 



Belle 3[agnijique. — A magnificent, large red, 

 late cherry, excellent for cooking and fino for 

 table when fully ripe ; rather acid, tender, juiey 

 and rich. Tree is a slow grower, but a "most 

 profuse bearer ; makes a fine dwarf cr pyramid 

 on the Mahaleb. Last of July. Very valuable. 

 Buttncr's Oct. Jlorello —Medium size, red, 

 acid ; hangs on through September; valued only 

 for its lateness. Tree a vigorous, erect grower, 

 and makes a beaytiful pyramid. Moderate bear- 

 ex. De Xord Nouvelle and De Prusse are very 

 similar to, if not identical with, this. 



Carnation — Large, light red, mottled with or- 

 ange ; tender, juicy, a little acid, rich and excel- 

 lent ; tree is a good grower and profuse bearer ; 

 makes fine dwarf. Middle and last of July. 

 Very valuable. 



Donna Maria. — Medium size, dark red tender, 

 juicy, rich, acid ; fine for cooking. Tree small, 

 very prolific. Middle of July. 



Early Richmond or Montmorency. — An early red, 

 acid cVerry, very valuable for cooking early in 

 the season Ripens through June. 



Ouigne Noire Luisante. — Large, dark brown 

 nearly black, beautiful, acid, rich. Tree small, 

 erect ; moderate bearer. Late ; last of July. 



Jeffries Duke. — Medium size, red, tender, sub- 

 acid ; branches erect and stifi" ; makes a beauti- 

 ful pyramid. Middle of June. 



Late Duke — Large, light red, late and excel- 

 lent. Tree makes a nice dwarf or pyramid. End 

 of July. Valuable. 



May Duke. — An old, well known, excellent va- 

 riety; large, dark red, juicy, sub-acid, rich. 

 Tree hardy, vigorous and fruitful ; ripens a long 

 time in succession ; fine for dwarfs and pyra- 

 mids. Middle of June for several weeks. 



Morello, English. — Large, dark red, nearly 



