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1863. 



THE ILLINOIS FARMER. 



113 



berries as equally expensive with grape culture, 

 but think it will pay. 



Pcttingill — Have 1-25 of an acre in cultivation, 

 6 years planted ; ground lias never been stirred, 

 but heavily mulched. Got 10 bushels of black- 

 berries and 100 gallons of wine from the patch. 



Dr. Warder — Every blackberry country has 

 blackberries as good as the New Rochelle. Mr. 

 Orange, near Albion, in Southeastern Illinois, has 

 several wild varieties, some of a light color in cul- 

 tivation. 



Quiuette — With me, wild blackberries run to 

 wood. 



K. J. Colman — So with me. 



Woods — And with me. 



Quinette — The blossom of the wild blackberry 

 when cultivated is defective. 



Allen — I had a row of wild blackberries, not 

 cultivated chat have borne largely. Varied a good 

 deal in chamctcr. Were good, bad and indiffer- 

 ent. Dug them up to make room for the Lawton, 

 but the change was no improvement. 



CURRANTS. 



Booth — Ilavc not had much experience. The 

 cherry is a fine hu-ge carrant and bears well. Is 

 full when there are no Red Dutch. Tlie next best 

 that I have is the White Grape. Plant in rows six 

 feet apart and use the cultivator between. Think 

 mulching wuuld be better. Grow in bush form in 

 prefL-rence to tree shape. 



Dr. Long — Have raised currants a good deal and 

 find they will pay well. Must be kept clean and 

 growing. I set them six by two. Prefer the bush 

 form. Like the common Red best, Red Dutch 

 next. Cherry, White Grape and Victoria are all 

 good. I set out the cuttings when two years old, 

 cultivate with plow and manure with chips, ashes, 

 lime, &e. Mulch in June with straw, cornstalks, 

 &c. Ridgj up the rows before mulching, so as to 

 get the surface soil to the roots. The bushes bear 

 best among trees. Ship currants, when ripe, in 

 ordinary pe.ich baskets. Get into Chicago about 

 two weeks bsfore they are ripe there, and they will 

 bring about -$4 50 per bushel. 



Pettingill — The cherry currant is not a rampant 

 grower, but is much more prolific than any other 

 currant with me. For wine, Victoria will ' be one 

 of the best, and also Knight's Late Red. 



Knox — Have planted cherry, Victoria, sliort- 

 bunched red, white grape, &c. Am trying Ver- 

 sailles and others. I manure with well-rotted ma- 

 nure on top, plant four by five, trim closely, and 

 80 get good fruit. Have had cherry currants two 

 mches in circumference. Victoria hasfine bunches. 



Pettmgill — All who want to set out small fruits, 

 should set them out in the Fall or Winter in th" 

 mud. 



Warder — The raspberry and blackberry, as well 

 as currant, should be so treated. 

 Dr. Long — Like Spring planting best. 



GOOSEBKRRY. 



Knox — It does not mildew with us, perhaps on 

 account of the coal smoke around Pittsburgh. The 

 ADiencan Seedling does the best with us, is sweet 

 and good, about the size of Houghton and of a 

 ^w"" ^i''°'' ^^hen ripe. Is not the pale red 



Warder-What is the best time to cut and put 

 in cuttings ? " ^ 



an^nlf f ' ^^*- ^°"5s)-Cut them off in the fall 

 and plant as soon as early spring. If they are set 



in the fall, mulch tbem or bank them up. If the 

 ground is dry enough put them in at once. 



Dr. Long — What gooseberry will pay? 



Dr. Warder — Houghton's Seedling and the pale 

 red did, at .|;2 and $3 per bushel. For the last two 

 years they have not paid at Cincinnati. So at St 

 Louis, said some. 



McPherson, (St. Louis county) — Houghton has 

 mildewed with me the last two years. 



K J. Colman — It is in a pocket in the woods and 

 there is no circulation of air there. I have never 

 had mildew. 



McPherson — They mildewed on an open hill the 

 same way. 



Huggins — Have not found them profitable at $2 

 per bushel. 



N. J. Colman — They are profitable with me. 

 Sent some by express to Chicago and furnish many 

 for this market, and make money. Take but little 

 care of the bushes. 



iiR. warder's essay. 



Dr. Warder's Essay on Propagation we have 

 taken notes of, but they fail to do it justice. The 

 laws of vegetable growth, upon which the various 

 methods of propagation are based, and their appli- 

 cation to each, were discussed in some detail, to 

 the great edification of an interested auditory. His 

 extempore lecture on phyllotaxy also disclosed 

 some beautiful facts in the order of the vegetable 

 world. 



MR. HUGGIN's essay 



on timber trees was also a valuable production. 

 Mr. Huggins recommended the following trees : 



Becidaoux — Oak, white elm, red elm, deciduous 

 cypress, larch, tulip tree, black walnut, butternut, 

 sugar maple, red maple, silver maple, golden wil- 

 low, white willow. 



Evergreen — White Pine, Norway Spruce, Red 

 Cedar, White Cedar. 



PAPER BY DR. CLA6GETT. 



Dr Claggett read a very interesting paper on ■ 

 some experiments made by him during the past 

 season. From May until September he peeled a 

 ring of about four inches of bark from limbs of 

 trees and watched the result. All peeled before 

 the 9th of June died. Those peeled on the 9th of 

 June made a partial deposit on the peeled surface. 

 Those peeled on the 16th and 23d of June covered 

 the entire peeled surface with a new coat of bark. . 

 That peeled on the 28th of June made a partial 

 deposition of bark the heaviest next the trunk. 

 From the 4th of July until August 8th, inclusive, 

 there was no deposit of bark. From the 15th to 

 the 2oth of August the peeled surface healed, but 

 not so well as in June. When the wounds healed, 

 there was a suspension of growth at the ends of 

 the branches of the trees. Where there was no 

 branch near the lower part of the peeled surface 

 no deposit was made from below, but all from 

 above. 



Dc. Warder pronounced this a very interesting - 

 experiment. He noticed that where the ooze had 

 been apparently scraped oflF in removing the bark 

 there was no bark formed anew. The dates of 

 course would vary in dififerent years. 



E. B. Colman was glad that the Doctor had dem- 

 onstrated what he believed to be the rio-ht time for 

 pruning, viz: from the 15th to the 25th of Juno. 



Dr. Long was also glad to hear the elucidation. 

 Had himself pruned in June for fifteen or twenty 

 years. ^ 



