Afbil 28, 1010. 



The Weekly Florists^ Review* 



45 



of seeds that are out of the market and 

 it will be hard for thft growers to secure 

 the proper varieties if replanting is 

 necessary. 



"The weather, which has continued 

 cold and cloudy since the hard freeze, is 

 doing the right thing, for a sudden re- 

 turn of sunshine and warmth would have 

 been wholly disastrous to the stricken 

 crops. ' ' 



Vegetable Fordog. 



VEGETABLE MARKETS. 



NEW YORK, April 25. — Cucumbers, 50c to 

 75c doz ; mushrooms, 15c to 35c lb. 



CHICAGO, April 26.— Cucumbers, 75c to |1.25 

 doz.; lettuce, 20c to 25c box; radishes, 25c to 

 40c dozen bunches. 



BOSTON, April 25.— Cucumbers, $3 to $7 box: 

 tomatoes, 26c to 30c lb.; bunch beets, $1.50 

 doz.; bunch carrots, 50c to 75c doz.; radishes, 

 $1.75 box; lettuce, |1 to $1.25. 



LETTUCE ROT. 



I am sending you a box containing one 

 head of Big Boston lettuce, the edges 

 of which are dark and look as if they 

 were affected by mildew. Every plant 

 in the house seems to have the disease. 

 It seems to begin during the night and 

 in a few days the whole head is rotten. 

 Please state what is the trouble and what 

 I can do to stop it. During these warm 

 days I keep the house as cool as I can, 

 and at night the ventilators are all open. 

 My soil is mixed, consisting of a cart- 

 load of manure to two loads of soil. I 

 also placed a little slaked lime on top 

 when I put the soil in the greenhouse, 

 and then worked the lime through the 

 soil. 



I am also sending in the same box a 

 bottle of insects wMch I caught in one 

 of my coldframes. They were numerous 

 along side the edges of the frame. I 

 shall appreciate any information that 

 you can give me. M. E. A. 



The head of lettuce received as a sam- 

 ple was affected with the lettuce rot, 

 which is one of the most common dis- 

 eases of this crop. It is a fungus and 

 therefore spreads from the spores. Even 

 though a house of lettuce may have been 

 well cared for, the disease wUl some- 

 times appear and do much damage, but 

 it is more frequently brought on by a 

 little neglect or carelessness, especially 

 in having the foliage too wet or having 

 it wet much of the time. Insufficient 

 ventilation at times, causing too high a 

 temperature, is also a cause of wea^ess 

 of the plants, which makes them more 

 susceptible to any disease to which they 

 are subject. 



There is nothing one can do for plants 

 when once they are affected, but it can 

 be checked somewhat from spreading to 

 plants not yet affected, by cleaning the 

 house, removing all plants that show the 

 disease and scraping off a little of the 

 soil where the diseased plants were. 



Lime which has been air-slaked, so that 

 it is fine like flour, can be dusted all over 

 the soil around the remaining plants and 

 where the dead ones were, and will help 

 exterminate the disease. In the summer 

 the soil should all be changed for. some 

 clean, new soil, that has never been used 

 inside. This will save much trouble from 

 diseases that would be held over in the 

 soil if the; soil were not chang^^|} , '' 



If 'your lettuce 43r«p is badly- affected 

 now, perhaps. 4t 1 WPul4n be well to tear 

 out the entirai etop anid tise the house 



for something else. Space in green- 

 houses is valuable at this time of year. 

 The insects in the bottle are the same 

 that I have often noticed around my 

 place, but I do not-know their name and 

 never investigated, because they never 

 seemed to do any harm. If they are 

 too numerous, you might soak the ground 

 with some liquid tobacco insecticides and 

 dust plenty of lime around, too. They 

 will not bother you then. H. Q. 



EXTRA EARLY CABBAGE. 



Kindly let me know what variety of 

 cabbage can be grown for extra early 

 spring use here, in the southeastern part 

 of South Dakota. I want a variety that 

 can be left in the field all winter. What 

 methods do the large growers use in pre- 

 venting the ravages of worms or cater- 

 pillars among cabbages in July and Au- 

 gust? Can late cabbage be sown directly 

 in the field and grown with good suc- 

 cess, so as to avoid transplanting in 

 June? ■ C. L. 



You are too far north to plant cabbage 

 plants out in the late fall and leave them 

 out all winter, as is done in the CaroUnas 

 and other states of the upper south. 

 You will have to start them in the spring 

 in hotbeds or greenhouses and plant 

 them out as soon as you can get on the 

 ground to work it after the frost is out. 

 If grown cool and healthy, they will 

 stand the spring frosts well. 



The best extra early cabbage is the 

 Early Jersey Wakefield, but the Charles- 

 ton Wakefield has a much better and 

 larger head and is only a few days later. 



Late cabbage should be sown in the 

 open garden in rows, like radishes, and 

 transplanted only once; that is, directly 

 to the big field. To plant the seed in 

 the big field would certainly not be ad- 

 visable. 



For cabbage worms I find Slug Shot 

 insect powder about as satisfactory as 

 anything, and not expensive. We seldom 

 need to fight worms here, as they do 

 little damage to the cabbage if the sea- 

 son is wet enough to keep them growing. 

 It is in dry seasons that they get the 

 best of the plants. H. G. 



DISEASES AND PREVENTION. 



[A paper by A. D. Selby, Botanist, Ohio 

 Agricultural Experiment Station, Wooater, 0., 

 read at the Ashtabula convention of the Green- 

 house Vegetable Growers' Association. Contin- 

 ued from the Review ot April 14 and 21.] 



Dangers in Steaming. 



There has been little trouble from 

 after effects from soil steaming, where 

 the soil is of rather coarse, sandy char- 

 acter, like this about Ashtabula. Wher- 

 ever soils are less sandy in character and 

 contain appreciable amounts of silt or 

 clay, the steaming may change the soil 

 texture greatly. In cases of this kind 

 the soil does not produce well imme- 

 diately after steaming. Certain silty 

 soils may, indeed, become so altered that 

 extreme care is needed to avoid over- 

 watering and water-logging after steam- 

 ing. The newly steamed soil of this kind 

 is easily overwatered, and on all heavy 

 soils, after steaming, great care is re- 

 quired in getting them dried out evenly 

 and securing a full restoration of the 

 water relations of the soil. Even in 

 somewhat sandy soils, like this about 

 Cleveland, the results of steaming are 

 often irregular. It has been observed 

 where soil from one-half of the bed was 

 thrown up over the pipes in the central 

 portibA' f or steaming, that the growth of 



Vegetable Plante 



Per 100 1000 



Beet Plante |0.20 $1.25 



Ekk Plante 40 2.00 



Pepper Plante. Bull Nose, Sweet 



Mountain and Ruby King 40 2.00 



Tonuttoee. Small plants, Earliana. 

 Early Jewel, Dwarf Stone, Cham- 

 pion. Ponderosa. and Matchless 30 2.00 



Tomatoee. Small plants. Stone, 

 Paragon. Favorite and Success 20 1.00 



Cabbasre. Full list of leading varieties, 20c per 

 100; $1.00 per 1000; 10,000 and over. 85c per 1000. 



Lettuce. Grand Rapids, Big Boston, Boston 

 Market and Tennis Ball, 20c per 100; $1.00 per 

 1000 ; 10,000 and over, 86c per 1000. 



CASH WITH ORDER. 



R.Vincent, Jr., &SOIII Co.,''" W'* 



Mention The Review when you write. 



IIVE ACRES with the 

 Skinner Imitation will 

 produce as much crops as 

 TEN ACRES without it. 



The Skinner Irrigation Go. 



TROY. O. 



Mention The Review when you write. 



lettuce in the central and marginal por- 

 tions of the bed was quite different. 



Formaldehyde and Steaming Compared. 



While there are certain advantages in 

 steaming as well as certain disadvan- 

 tages, the formaldehyde drench treat- 

 ment must still be given a place of real 

 usefulness. Other circumstances than 

 the inherent differences in the results 

 will often determine whether one method 

 or the other is to be used. A grower 

 will sometimes be caught in the middle 

 of the season and will hare to do what 

 he is prepared for in the way of soil 

 treatment. Both methods have their 

 fields of usefulness, and both have cer- 

 tain disadvantages which have before 

 been pointed out. 



The cost of treatment is about the 

 same by either method. The danger ia 

 about the same from either method in 

 sandy soils. The danger in silty soils is 

 much greater, in my judgment, from the 

 steaming method than from the formal- 

 dehyde drench. 



[To be continued] 



HAIL. 



HuNTSViiiLB, Ala. — ^A heavy storm on 

 the afternoon of April 15 is said to have 

 broken a good deal of greenhouse glass in 

 this vicinity, especially in East Hunts- 

 ville. 



HiLLSBORO, III.— Hail, April 15, broke 

 nearly every pane of glass in the green- 

 houses and frames of F. C. Winklemann. 

 Practically all his stock, both under glass 

 and in the open, was cut down by the 

 hail storm. A photograph, in which a 

 dozen or more hail stones were shown side 

 by side with hens' eggs, shows the eggs 

 to be the smaller. 



Dixon, III. — N. H. Long recently pre- 

 sented a bouquet of a dozen carnations 

 to each of the teachers in the South 

 Side High School. 



eri 



