26 



The Florists^ Review 



Mabch 6, 1913. 



on this cut surface and work its way 

 into the branches. When . the young 

 shoots arise they grow until the fungus 

 reaches the base of the shoot and in a 

 short time the shoot will wilt suddenly 

 and die. The fungus is rarely able to 

 kill the whole plant. By looking over a 

 carnation house infected with branch 

 wilt the dead branches are conspicuous 

 and characteristic of this disease. 



The only control that can be suggested 

 at this time is absolute cleanliness of 

 the house. As this fungus is able to 

 grow on dead leaves of the plants as 

 well as on and under the benches, such 

 conditions should not be tolerated. Over- 

 head watering should be discontinued as 

 much as possible, especially in cloudy 

 weather. 



Yellows. 



Yellows, as I shall call this disease 

 for the present, to distinguish it from 

 bacteriosis and stigmonose, is widely dis- 

 tributed throughout the state, and from 

 reports seems to be increasing rapidly. 

 The trouble starts in the young leaves 

 and is first noticed as small pale green 

 areas varying in size and shape. On 

 holding an infected leaf up to the light 

 the dots appear translucent. These spots 

 become more distinct and turn yellow, 

 while the tissue beneath collapses. The 

 trouble is confined not only to the 

 leaves, but in badly infected plants the 

 branches and flower stems may be cov- 

 ered with the yellow elongated spots. 



Several distinct forms of yellows can 

 be recognized, which differ in general 

 appearance and subsequent behavior. 

 The early stages of the first type consist 

 of small translucent dots, scattered ir- 

 regularly through the leaf. At first 

 they are a paler green than the sur- 

 rounding tissue, but distinctly delineated 

 from it. The spots increase more or 

 less rapidly until they reach a diameter 

 of one to eight millimeters. Most of 

 these spots are approximately circular, 

 but may be irregular in outline, rarely 

 elongated. Few of the spots coalesce 

 in this form. This type is especially 

 noticeable on White Enchantress. A 

 single leaf may have from one or two 

 to fifty or more spots, depending on the 

 extent of infection. Another charac- 

 teristic of this first type is that the 

 spots do not tend to make the leaves 

 brittle. 



The development of the second form 

 is similar to the one above, except that 



while still in the early stages the spots 

 coalesce and become much elongated, so 

 that a single spot may be one to two 

 inches or more in length. On badly in- 

 fected leaves these elongated areas run 

 parallel to the midrib and have a sort 

 of flaky appearance. The leaves become 

 brittle and are easily snapped off. In 

 the later stage the tissue beneath the 

 areas collapses, the spot becomes sunken 

 and finally turns brown as the leaf 

 dies. This type of yellows is found in 

 the Beacon and Pink Enchantress and 

 is, as a rule, much more destructive than 

 the first type. 



A third form may be mentioned here, 

 which is found only on the red-flowered 

 varieties, as Beacon. Here the areas in 

 the late stages take on a purplish color, 

 and are slightly raised. It is not known 

 whether this form is the same as the 

 others or not. The red-flowered varie- 

 ties are also susceptible to the second 

 type, beside this third form. 



No explanation as to the cause of this 

 disease can be given at present. How- 

 ever, preliminary experiments have 

 shown that the disease is not transmis- 

 sable from one plant to another, but 

 that it is carried from season to season 

 by means of infected cuttings. Until 

 the cause has been determined the sug- 

 gestion is made that no cuttings from 

 plants that show yellows be taken; and 

 if any plants show these spots at any 

 time from the cutting bench stage to 

 the time they are brought into the house 

 in the fall, they should be discarded. 

 In this way the disease to a large ex- 

 tent will be eliminated. 



COOL HOUSE FOR HOT CLIMATE. 



E. E. Stone, nurseryman, Dickinson, 

 Tex., is the owner of the unique green- 

 house siiown in the accompanying illus- 

 trations. It is like other greenhouses in 

 so far as the frame goes, but it is dif- 

 ferent from the rest in that it is exactly 

 the opposite of the usual "warm house 

 for cool locations — it is a cool house for 

 a hot climate. The house is 30 x 100, 

 of the well known Foley pipe frame con- 

 struction, with no benches but four lines 

 of purlin supports. The common com- 

 plaint in Mr. Stone's location, which is 

 in Galveston county, close to the Gulf 

 coast, is that the ordinary form of 

 greenhouse gets too hot in summer. Af- 

 ter thinking the matter out, Mr. Stone 

 had the Foley Mfg. Co. build a 



special roof on the regular, standard 

 frame. Shade was what Mr. Stone 

 wanted. This is how he got it: At the 

 end of the house were three sashbars 

 to carry glass in the ordinary way; 

 then a bar was omitted and a frame 

 set in two panes wide, not glazed, but 

 filled with roofing felt; then three more 

 runs of glass; then a frame of felt, 

 and so on to the other end of the house. 

 The side walls have glass below the 

 glazed bars and hinged vents filled with 

 felt below the felted frames. The 

 frames are fastened to the eave plate 

 and to the ventilator header, the ven- 

 tilator also being filled with felt. Mr. 

 Stone says he has had a number of in- 

 quiries from other southerners who are 

 watching his experiment and that its 

 success will mean the erection of a num- 

 ber of similar houses in the Gulf sec- 

 tion. 



The trees shown in the picture are 

 camphor trees, a small-leaved evergreen, 

 fast growing and capable of withstand- 

 ing 10 to 12 degrees of frost, that Mr. 

 Stone considers ideal for the coast 

 country. 



FESTILIZESS FOB CABNATIONS. 



[A summary of a paper by F. W. Muncie, of 

 the University of Illinois, read before the Illi- 

 nois State Florists' Association at Peoria, March 

 U, 1913.] 



The experimental work during 1912-13 

 includes a combination of the experiments 

 carried on during the previous year and 

 described in our pamphlet published in 

 July, 1912, in regard to the relative effi- 

 ciency of commercial fertilizers and nat- 

 ural manures for growing carnations. 

 The data from October 1 to December 17, 

 1912, bear out the conclusions drawn from 

 the results of last year, that the number 

 and quality of flowers produced by either 

 method are practically the same. 



It seems well here to repeat the amount 

 of fertilizers used and to describe the 

 method of application. When the soil is 

 put into the benches in the latter part of 

 July, two pounds of, dried blood, two 

 pounds of acid phosphate and two pounds 

 of potassium sulphate are mixed with the 

 soil for each 100 square feet of bench 

 space and thoroughly worked in with 

 trowels; and, after a thorough watering, 

 the soil is allowed to stand over night be- 

 fore setting the plants. At three other 

 times during the year, at about Novem- 

 ber 1, January 1 and February 15, addi- 

 tional applications of two pounds of dried 

 blood worked into the top inch of soil 



Krectlng the Pipe Frame. ' Interior of the Completed House. 



UnuiuaJ Greenhoiiie Erected by E. E« Stone, Dickinson, Tex., to Meet Needt of Warm Climate. 



