80 TIIK ICK ACT, IN CAN'ADA. 



iiaiT time tlistiiKi t'loiii tlic Tcrtiiiry, mm llic Tcrliary is 

 (listiiict t'i'ttiii tilt' St'cdiidiiiy. W'licic tlicrcriu't' the tmiis 

 PrimiiiT, Sccondiiry and 'l\'rtiiiry an- used, the laltci' 

 hIkiiiM iii('lu<I(' I lie wlmlc tiliic I'loiii the Kdcciic to the 

 Modern inclusive, unless indeed llic advent of man l»e 

 ('(tnsidered an event dl' snllicient ;;•('( tjonieal ini]M»rtanee to 

 warrant a separation of tint Modern from the Tertiary 

 period. When the terms Taheo/oie, Mcso/oie and Kaino- 

 zoie or Neo/oie are used, then the two latter terms eoNcr 

 perfectly the I'leistoeene as wtdl as the Koeene, Miocene 

 and I'lioeene. 1 woidd theicfore include the Pk'istocene 

 in the Neo/oie or Tertiary jieriod, and deliia' it to he that 

 geological age which is includc(| hciween the Pliocene 

 and the Modem. From the former it is seijarated hv the 

 advent of the cold or glacial* period, und the accompany- 

 ing suhsidence of the land, as well as by the disajtpearance 

 of many species of animals and plants. From tlu; latter 

 it is se})arated hy the extinction of many mammalian 

 forms, and liy the introduction of man, and of the jireseiit 

 levels and climatal conditions of the coidinents. 



LATKR KAINOZOIC OR TKKTIAKV I'KRIOI). 



(/// A-^trntlliKj Ordrr.) 



Newki{ Pliocene. — A continental period of long duration, 

 in which the land was more elevated than at ])resent, 

 and vt'ry e.\tensi\e erosion of deep river Nalleys 

 occurred. 



riiEisTocENE. — Covering thi'ee sul)-di\isions : — 



(a) J'J«r/>/ I'Irisfotriie: Irregular elevation and depres- 

 sion of the continents, with cold climate and 

 great local glaciers. 



* I use. the term "glacial" in this paper in its general sense, as 

 including tiie action of floating ice as well as of land ice. 



