CHAl'TKli II [. 



I'PIYSICAL AND CLIMATAL CUNDITION.S. 



/. — (/riwrdl Co nil Hid IIS. 



It is, [ think, iiniversiilly iKliiiitted that the later 

 Pliocene a-^v, iinniediately preeedino- that of the l)oul(ler- 

 elay, was a period of elevation of tlie continents in the 

 northern lieniispherc;, the "Jirxf continental period" of 

 Lyell. The evidences of tliis are to 1)0 found in everv 

 text-book of geology, and in Canada I may refer to the 

 excavation of the Saguenay valley, as explained Ijy nie 



Fig. 4.— Valley of Lower Sngueiiay— Old glacier bed. 



in my notes of 1872, referred to below, and to the similar 

 evidence accumulated by Dr. G. ]M. Dawson regarding the 

 caiions of British Columbia.* It has also been conclu- 



.,^=^- 



* See also Upham, ({eol. Magazine, Nov., 1890, and Bui. Geol. 

 Society Am., Vol. I.; Spencer, lb., May, 1890; ami Journal Geol. 

 Society, Nov., 1890, 



