PHYSICAL AND C'LIMATAL CONDITIONS. 87 



siiieo the facts oljluiiied l»y the C'iUia(haii survey and the 

 arctic exi^orers show tlial these local u:laciers dischar^'ed 

 ice ami l»erns l»oth to the iiortli and south. Some of the 

 evidence of this is thus stated hy Dr. (i. M. Dawson.* 



"Alony- the arctic coast, and among- the islands of the 

 archipelago, then; is a considerahle volume of evitlence to 

 show that the main direction of movement of erratics 

 was northicnrtl Thus, l)oulders of granite, supposed l»y 

 Prof. Haughton to he derived fr< m North Somerset, are 

 found 100 miles to the north-eastward (Ai)pendix to 

 M'Clintock's Voyage, p. 374), aiul pebbles of granite, 

 identical with that of (Iranite point, also hi Xorth 

 Somerset, occur loo knots to Ww north-west {vp. cif., p. 

 47G). The east side of King William Land is also said 

 to be strewn with l)oulders like the gneiss of Montreal 

 island, to the southward (op. cif., p. •■'>77). Prof. Haught<jn 

 indicates the direction and distance of travel of some of 

 these fragments l)y arrows on his geological map of the 

 arctic archipelago, and reverts to the same subject on 

 pages 39o, 394, pointing out the general northward move- 

 ment of ice indicated, and referring the carriage of the 

 boulders to floating ice of the glacial ])eriod. 



" Near I'rincess lloyal island, in I'rince of Wales strait, 

 and also on the coast of I'rince of Wales island, the 

 copper said to be picked up in large masses by the 

 Escpiimaux (Dellauce, Nature, Vol. XL, \). 492), may be 

 supposed to be derived from the Cambrian rocks of the 

 Coppermine river region, to the south, as it is scarcely 

 ]iossible that it occurs in place anywhere in the region of 

 horizontal limestone where it is found. 



* Notes on the geology of the northern part of Canada. Geol. 

 Survey of Canada, 1886. 



