PHYSICAL AND CLIMATAL CONDITIONS. 91 



hiteriilly <»m liotli sides to the sen. A certain projiortion 

 of the ice, liovvever, (hiring- tlie iiiiiximiuii phase of this 

 j^reat ^^ducier, lh)NVe(l throu^^h jiasses in the coast ranges, 

 iiiid iinitiii",' there with ice derived fVoiii tlie western 

 sh)pes of these ranu,'es, tilled the great valley htitween 

 Vaneouvei' island and the mainland, impinged npon the 

 shores of the (.^neen Charlotte islands, and still further 

 north rciached the ocean across the coa.st archipelago of 

 the S()nth-east(!rn coast-strip of Alaska. 



" Having, fnjm an examination of the notes of various 

 arctic explorers, arrived definitely at the conclusion that 

 the glaciers of the eastern part of the conunent possessed 

 a northward as well as a southward (lirection of motion 

 from their main gathering-ground,* the writer was pleased 

 to be ahle to avail himself of the op])ortunity afforded by 

 the Yukon exi)6dition to investigate the conditions of the 

 northern ])art of the C(»rdilleran glacier.-f- Evidence was 

 there obtained of its northward or north-westward direc- 

 tion of movement, and this has since been confirmed and 

 added to by observations in surrounding regions by Mr. 

 11. G. McConnell, of the Canadian Geological Survey 

 (1888), and by Mr. I. C. llussell, of the United States 

 CJeological Survey (1889).+ On the Lewis and Felly 

 rivers, branches of the great Yukon, striated rock-sur- 

 faces, evidently due to the general Cordilleran glacier, 

 were noted ; in the case of the first-mentioned river as 



* Annual Report C!eol. Surv. Can., 1886, p. 56, R. 



t Chalmers (Am. Ceologist, Nov., 1890) very properly proposes the 

 names Cordilleran, Laurentian, &c., ''Synfem of Glaciers," to express the 

 fact that like the modern glaciers of the Alps and even of Oreenland, 

 a system and not a single glacier is meant. 



:;: Bulletin Geol. Soc. Am., Vol. I., p. 99. 



§ Oeological Magazine, Dec. .3, Vol. V., p. 348. Annual Report 

 Geol. Surv. Can., 1887-88, p. 40, b. 



