lOO THE icK A(;k IX Canada. 



K. — A'orc Srotiii II ltd Srw Hi'ii iDiii'icl:. 



Ill lliesc proNinct'S the dldi'V <f(.'ul(iL!;it'!il sLructure is 

 different from that in I'rince Edward Island, tlie country 

 consistinu,' of ( 'arhoniferoiis iin<l TiMassic ])lains, wiih 

 ranges of older hills, often nietainorithic, and attaining 

 elevations of 1,200 feet or more, ll may, ])erhai)s, he 

 hest in the tirst instance to present a sunnnary of the 

 phenomena, as 1 have given tluMn in my Acadian 

 ({eologv, and to add such additional facts and inferences 

 as the ])resent state of the subject may re([uire. 



The l)eds observed mav he arranged as follows, in 

 descendiu.g order : 



1. (Iravel and sand heds, and ancient gravel ridges 

 and beaches, indicating the action of shallow water, and 

 strong currents and waves. Travelled boulders occur in 

 connection with these beds. 



2. Stratified clay with shells, sliowing (puet de[)osition 

 in dee}»er water. 



3. Unstratilied l»oidder-clay, indicating, })r(.)bal)ly, th(' 

 united acti(jn of ice and water. 



4. Peaty de})osits, belonging to a land-surface [)receding 

 the deposit of the 1)oulder-clay. 



As the third of these formations is the most important 

 and generally diffused in Xova Scotia and Xew l>runs- 

 wick, we shall attend to it tirst, and notice the relation of 

 the others to it. 



The unstratified drift ami l)oulder-clay, which occurs 

 eliietiy at the lower levels of the country, varies from a 

 stiff clay to loo.se sand, and its com[)Osition and c(dor 

 generally depend ui)on those of the underlying and neigh- 

 bouring rocks. Thus, over sandstone it is arenaceous, 

 over shales argillaceous, and over conglomerate and hard 



