SOME LOCAL DETAILS. 203 



probal)ly here intervenes l)et\veen the two heds seen in 

 contact nearer the edge of the terrace. 



Ottawa liiirr.— The Leda clay and Saxicava sand are 

 well exposed on the Imnks of tlie Ottawa: and (Jreen's 

 creek, a little below Ottawa city, has Ijeconie celel)rated 

 for the occurrence of hard calcareous nodules in the clay, 

 containing not only the ordinary shells of this deposit, hut 

 also well-preserved skeletons of the Capelin {MalhiuH), of 

 the Luin])-sucker (Ci/r/optcn/s), and of a species of stickle- 

 back {(rastcrostci/s). of a Cotti/s, and of a species of seal. 

 Some of these nodules also contain leaves of land i)lants 

 and fragments of wood, and a fresh-water shell of the 

 genus Lymnea has also l)een found.* At I'ackenliam 

 Mills, west of the Ottawa, the late Sheritf Dickson found 

 several species of land and fresh-water shells associated 

 with Tclllna Gnmlandica and apparently in the Saxicava 

 sand. These facts evidence the vicinity of the Laurentian 

 sliore, and indicate a climate only a little more rigorous than 

 that of Central Canada at present. They were noticed in 

 some detail in my paper of 18G6 in The Canadian Naturalist. 

 Another illustration of the margin of the sea in this 

 direction is afforded by the discovery of the bones of a 

 whale at Smith's Falls, Ontario, in a bed of gravel, with a 

 few marine shells, lying on the margin of the old Lauren- 

 tian shore in this locality at a height of 4l>0 feet above the 

 level of the sea, an elevation not very dilferent from that 

 of one of the principal terraces with sea shellb on Montreal 

 mountain. 



The marine deposits on the St. Lawrence are limited, as 

 already stated, to the country east of Kingston ; and the 

 clays of the basin of the great lakes to the south-westward 



See notices of these fossils in Chapter V. 



