274 THK ICE A(iE IN CANADA. 



scribed by rrot'i'.s.sor iV'iiliallow. Tx'low this sand wei'c 

 10 feet of altoi'iiiitiii^' sand and daik-cfilorcd clay, with 

 fresli-wator sliclls and wood. IScIdw this was ihe bhic 

 till restin}^ on the surface of the Ifudson rivcu- beds. In 

 this section tlu; upju'r boulder-clay of Hinde's section is 

 iKJt represented, but only the lower p'onps as uiveii in his 

 table. The upi)er boulder-clay is, however, .seen on hiulu'r 

 ground in the vicinity. 



Dr. .1. AV. Spencer, who has studied this locality, as 

 well as the whole north shore of T.ake Ontario, writes to 

 me that he reLfanls the earthy sand holdin*^' wood and 

 fresh-water shells as (Mpnvalent t(j llinde's " internlacial " 

 lieds at Scarboro' hei,u,hts, and the ovei'lyiiiL!; clay as the 

 so-called "Erie clay," over which, as alxn'e stated, is the 

 upper boidder de])Osit which, in the vicinity of Toronto, 

 has many Laurentian boulders. 



Observations have l)een made on the interylacial beds 

 of the West by Dr. 0. "SI. Dawson, and are recorded 

 in his ve])orts on the 49th Parallel, and on the {geology of 

 the ])ow and lielly rivers, and in a paper on l)orin,i;'s made 

 in ]\ranitoba and the Xorth-west Territories, in A"ol. lY. 

 of the Transactions of the Jioyal Society of Canada; and 

 he has placed in my hands s])ecimens of ])eat and wood 

 from those re<i;ions. In one locality on the JJelly river he 

 finds a bed of interglacial ])Gat, hardened by pressure in 

 such a manner as to assume the appearance of a lignite. 



In addition to the ve^'ctable remains found as above 

 stated in the "forest l)eds" or " interglacial" deposits, 

 trunks of trees and ve.i^etable fragments occur in the 

 boulder-clays themselves, indicating either the partial 

 destruction of the older interglacial l)ed ami the mixture 

 of its debris with glacial deposits, or the enclosiu'e of 

 drift-wood in the latter in the manner now so common 



