184 R. Ciausius on the Application of the 
have represented in my former memoir the two principal 
cesapaa ivhioks hold good for every circular process, by the fol- 
lowing equations. 
(1 Q@=— A.W 
(n) /e=-™ 
in which the letters have the same signification as they have 
there; namely— 
A is the equivalent of heat for the unit of work. 
Q sipuiics t the external work done during the — process, 
eat mene to the changea y dur- 
ing the circular process, and d Q an oo of the aati by which 
a quantity of heat en fi from the bod y is considered as negative 
communicated heat. The integral of the second equation ex- — 
tends over the whole quantity Q. 
T’ is a function of the temperature which the variable bod 
has at the moment at which it takes up the element of heat d 0, 
or, should this body have different temperatures in its different — 
parts, of the temperature of the part which takes up dQ. am 
the form of the function 7, I have shewn in my previous memoir _ 
that it is probably nothing else than the temperature eer, when © 
this is estimated from the point which is determined by the Ter g 
ciprocal value of the coefficient of expansion of an ale 3 
—278° 
Ref ge ea ge ae eet ee ee 
aes 
(1) T=273+2 ae 
In future I shall employ the magnitude 7 always with this sig- 
nification, and call it briefly the absolute te temperature, remark- | 
ing however that the conclusions arrived at do not in their 
essence depend upon this comcaae but remain valid even = 
* A ies of t her 
sources of heat which are to communicate heat to the vatlabie 
— st ures than this last, and conversely those which ar municate + 
to it negative heat, or to take sitet heat from it, must have lower te erates At 
every excl of hea: een the variable body and a source o is an 
immediate of heat nite a body of a higher tem a Par ae a swede ts 
temperature, and herein lies an uncompensated transformation which is so — the 
a special notice. The: 
= oe 
into pevailornsien te eee in ¥ or not, — as 
we attribute to the temperature occurring in equation (i1). If we paces re ; 
this the temperature of the source of heat belonging to the element dQ, these trans- 
mations are included in NV, If however we understand by it as is above deter- 
mined, and as it will be understood in this whole memoir e temperature of the — 
variable body, these transformations are excluded from Nv Furthermore a remark — 
