Mineralogy and Geology. 275 
On the descent of the Quebrada de Vinchos, in the peak of Churca, 
there is a bed of coal which I discovered. I believe it 
re 1s an Important bed which is yet to be explored. 
The extensive silver mine of Hwallanca has near it beds of mineral 
coal, 4 to 5 varas thick, and of excellent quality; and it is probable that 
ted for its famous castles of the ancient Incas. Near the mine of Oyon, 
Province of Cajatambo, several beds of superior quality have been ex- 
of silver, lying upon magnesian carbonate of lime, and whose explor- 
ation has lately been undertaken by an American (U. S.) company, has 
not responded to their expectations. The village of Oyon is 3,621 me- 
ters above the sea level. a 
In the hill of Za Vinda, on the road from Obragillo to Cerro de Pasco, 
at an elevation of 4,613 meters, I have observed coal in horizontal beds: 
between sandstone and shale, containing fossil shells which were. too im- 
ec 
Ae source of several salt springs or streams. ee 
In the peak of Aranvaldpan, there are several other mines of good 
: i inferi ity. Near 
ac, explored by M. Alexander Verastegui, but of inferior quality. 
| Huaypacha, shore: a bed of lignite. At Chupalea, near Puipuy, — 
exists in a bed of considerable extent; also of superior quality an 
oe is also said to occur = the road from Farma 
to Jauja, and at the Quicksilver mine of Huancavelica. 
; rs sin : t ‘ds were discovered at the Quebrada of Mureo, 
Nevado de Sullaly, whose summit is covered with perpetual snow and will 
hever be scaled by man. I think that the height is greater than gon of 
the voleano of Arequipa, which is 6,600 meters. All travelers who pass 
the foot. towards Lampa or Puno, suffer from extreme cold and dizzi- 
from the rarity of the atmosphere, causes which in some seasons 
