Chemistry and Physics. ; 411 
shapes required, provided that we increase the size and power of our ma- 
chinery to the extent necessary to deal with such large masses of metal. 
A few minutes’ reflection will show the great anomaly presented by the 
scale on which the consecutive processes of iron-making are at present 
earried on. The little furnaces originally used for smelting ore have from 
time to time increased in size, until they have assumed colossal propor- 
tions, and are made to operate on 200 or 300 tons of materials at a time, 
giving out ten tons of fluid metal at a single run. e manufacturer has 
a time, to be carefully manipulated and squeezed into form. i 
en we consider the vast extent of the manufacture, and the gigan- 
tic scale on which the early stages of the process are conducted, it is as- 
W 
and thus rescue the trade from the trammels which have so long sur- 
rounded it. i i 
Before concluding these remarks I beg to call your attention aa. 
portant fact connected with the new process, which affords peculiar facili- 
ties for the manufacture of cast-s a ry Glioma the 
‘A : iately followin 
t that stage of the process immediately con of Se of ordinary 
than soft iron; it is also more 
hile it is much harder, 
d strength 
adapted to purposes where lightness an ' 
Are specially required, od wha there js much wear, as in the case of 
