PACHYMA COCOS, AND MYLITTA LAPIDESCENS. 95 
starch-granules, but without any concentric markings, and exhibiting no reaction with 
iodine. A section of this portion is shown in PL IX. fig. 7. The remaining parts of the 
specimen, marked c and d, and which constitute the main portion of the Pachyma, bear a 
general resemblance, when seen under the microscope, to the section shown in fig. 7 ; but 
the component bodies vary more in size, and many of them attain larger dimensions : the 
mycelium also is far less plentiful. A reference to PI. IX. fig. 8 will show the form of a few of 
the latter bodies, a combination of which with tissue, such as that shown in fig. 7, constitutes 
the mass of the Pachyma. We entertain no doubt that the bodies shown in PI. IX. iii^. 8 
are of the same nature as those in PL IX. fig. 7; i. e. they are wood-colls, in a more advanced 
state of disease and distortion. If it is washed to examine the threads or mycelium separately 
from the substance of the Pachyma, it may be done by selecting a specimen such as that 
shown in PL X. fig. 9, in which the substance is traversed by cracks. It will then be seen 
that (at least in some specimens) the opposite walls of the cracks are united by masses of 
white woolly fibres; and by taking a small quantity of the wool in forceps, and placii 
it under the microscope, it will be seen to consist exclusively of delicate threads entirely 
free from the irregularly shaped starchy-looking bodies forming the mass of the Pa- 
chyma. These threads are similar to those in PL IX. fig. 7, and are, we suspect, of fungoid 
origin; and although we see no reason to doubt that the Pachyma is in the main (as has 
been long supposed) only an altered state of the root of the tree, we think it highly pro- 
bable that that altered state is the effect of fungoid disease, and that all the threads alxn 
alluded to may be the mycelium to which the disease is due. The section shown in PL -\ . 
fig. 6 exhibits at one end, at the points e, a brown dusty mass, formed by the disintegra- 
tion of the inner bark. The greater part of the interior of this specimen is of a dirty brown 
colour, produced by a copious admixture of the particles of the bark with the substance 
of the Pachyma, which latter is not so pure and white as is usually the case. 
3. Choo-ling, Berkeley, Journal of Proceedings of Linn. Soc. vol. iii. (1859) Botany, 
p. 102. 
Chu Urn, Cleyer, Specimen Medicina? Sinicae (1682), Med. Simp. No. 207- 
Czzu-lin, Tatarinov, Catal. Medicamentorum Sinensium (Petrop. 1856), p. 17- 
&L (Choo-ling), Pun-tsaou-kang-muh, cap. xxxvii. sect. 4 (cum icone). 
? Hoelen, Rumph. Herb. Amb. xi. p. 123. 
PI. IX. figs 10-13 represent specimens of this production, as to which wc have little to add 
to Mr. Berkeley's account {ut supra). No botanical name has yet been proposed for it, 
which, in the uncertain^ that exists respecting its origin and nature, is not to lie 
regretted. Its microscopic structure is similar to that of Pachy,na Cocos ; but the threads 
by which its substance is traversed are much more interwoven and more branched, being 
in fact almost reticulate : they have not the appearance of being the mycelium of any 
fungus. We observe the same irregularly shaped bodies as in the Pachyma ; but their 
dimensions, as remarked by Mr. Berkeley, are smaller : like the Pachyma, they are not 
rendered blue by iodine. In one or two specimens we have noticed an abundance of 
doubly pyramidal crystals, and we have also observed that the substance of the interior 
is much more toueh and leathery than in Pachynw, which latter is m fact easily puh e- 
