256 
DR. HOOKER ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF ARCTIC PLANTS. 
Herald Island, lat. 71i° N., the northernmost point attained in that longitude. On the 
west coast of Greenland, Scoreshy and Sabine found only 50 between the parallels of 70 
and 75° N. ; whilst 150 inhabit the east coast, between the same parallels. 
The differences between the vegetations of the various polar areas seem to be to a consi- 
derable extent constant up to the extreme limits of vegetation in each. Thus Ranunculus 
glacialis and Saxifraga flagellaris, which are all but absent in West Greenland*, advance 
to the extreme north in East Greenland and Spitzbergen. Caltha palustris, Astragalus 
alpmus, Oxytropis JJralensis and nigrescens, Tarry a arctica, Sieversia Mossii, Nardosmia 
corymbosa, Senecio palustris, Deschampsia c&spitosa, Saxifraga Meraciifolia and Hirculus, 
all of which are absent in West Greenland, advance to Lancaster Sound and the polar 
American islands, a very few miles to the westward of Greenland. 
On the other hand, Lychnis alpina, Arabis alpina, Stellaria cerastioides, jPotentilla 
tridentata, Cassiopeia hypnoides, Phyllodoce taxifolia, Veronica alpina. Thymus Serpyl- 
limi, Luzula spicata, and JPhleum alpinwm, all advance north of 70° in West Greenland, 
but are wholly unknown in any part of Arctic Eastern America or the polar islands. 
The most arctic plants of general distribution that are found far north in all the arctic 
areas are the following ; all inhabit the Parry Islands, or Spitzbergen, or both ; 
Ranunculus nivalis 
auncomus. 
pygmaeus. 
Papaver nudicaule. 
Cochlearia officinalis. 
Bray a alpina. 
Cardamine bellidifolia 
pratensis. 
Sedum Rhodiola. 
Chrysosplenium alternifolium. 
Saxifraga oppositifolia. 
caespitosa. 
Draba alpina. 
androsacea. 
hirta. 
muricella. 
— incana. 
— rupestris. 
cernua. 
rivularis. 
nivalis. 
stellaris. 
flagellaris. 
Cochlearia anglica 
officinalis. 
Silene acaulis. 
Lychnis apetala 
Arenaria verna. 
arctica. 
Stellaria longipes. 
Cerastium alpinum. 
Potentilla nivea. 
frigida. 
Dryas octopetala. 
Epilobium latifolium 
Hirculus (East Greenland only). 
Antennaria alpina. 
Erigeron alpinus. 
Taraxacum Dens-leonis. 
Cassiopeia tetragona. 
Pedicularis hirsuta. 
sudetica. 
Oxyria reniformis. 
Polygonum viviparum. 
Empetrum nigrum. 
Salix herbacea. 
reticulata. 
Luzula arcuata. 
Juncus biglumis. 
Carex fuliginosa (not yet found in Arctic 
Asia, but no doubt there). 
aquatilis (do.). 
* Both were found by Kane's Expedition, but by no previous one. 
