258 
DR. HOOKER ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF ARCTIC PLANTS. 
Gentiana aurea. 
Eutoca Franklinii. 
Pedicularis flammea 
fDouglasia arctica. 
fMonolepis Asiatica. 
Betula fruticosa. 
Salix speciosa. 
glacialis. 
phlebophylla. 
arctica. 
t 
Orchis cruenta. 
Platanthera hyperborea 
Carex nardina. 
glareosa. 
rariflora. 
Hierochloe pauciflora. 
Deschampsia atropurpurea 
Phippsia algida. 
Dupontia Fisheri. 
Colpodium pendulinura. 
fulvum. 
latifolium. 
ttPleuropogon Sabini. 
fFestuca Richardsoni. 
On the Distribution of Arctic Flowering Plants in various Uegions of the Globe. 
There is but one distinct genus confined to the arctic regions, the monotypic and local 
JPleuropogon Sabmi ; and 
are but 
other peculiarly arctic species 
together 
m<x 
l one with which I am wholly unacquainted, viz. Monolepis Asiatica. The remain- 
762 species are all of them found south of the circle ; and of these all but 150 
advance south of the parallel of 40° N. lat., either in the Mediterranean basin, Northern 
India, the United States, Oregon, or California ; about 50 are natives of the mountainous 
regions of the tropics ; and just 105 inhabit the south temperate zone. 
The proportion of species which have migrated southwards in the Old and New World 
also bear a fair relation to the facilities for migration presented by the different continents. 
Thus, 
Of 616 Arctic European species, 
496 inhabit the Alps, and 
450 cross them ; 
126 cross the Mediterranean; 
26 inhabit South Africa. 
Of 3/9 Arctic East American, 
203 inhabit the United States (of which 
21 are confined to the mountains). 
34 inhabit tropical American mountains. 
50 inhabit temperate south America. 
Of 233 Arctic Asiatic species, 
210 reach the Altai, Soongaria, &c. ; 
106 reach the Himalaya ; 
O are found on the tropical mountains 
of Asia ; 
5 inhabit Australia and New Zealand. 
Of 346 Arctic West American species, 
274 are north temperate ; 
24 on tropical mountains; 
37 in south temperate zone. 
These tables present in a very striking point of view the fact of the Scandinavian flora 
being the most widely distributed over the globe. The Mediterranean, South African, 
Malayan, Australian, and all the floras of the New World have narrow ranges compared 
with the Scandinavian, and none of them form a prominent feature in any other continent 
their own ; but the Scandinavian not only girdles the globe in the arctic circle, and 
north temperate zone of the Old World, but intrudes 
domin 
all others in the 
picuously into 
hemisphere, or on the Alps of tropical countries 
y other temperate flora, whether in the norther 
southern 
erest test to which this observation could be put is that supplied by the Arctic 
