DR. HOOKER ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF ARCTIC PLANTS. 
273 
Cypripedium guttatum. 
Calla palustris. 
Typha latifolia. 
Narthecium ossifragum. 
Luzula maxima. 
S. Juncus communis. 
L 
L 
S. 
I. 
articulatus. 
bulbosus. 
stygius. 
Carex pauciflora. 
tenuiflora. 
stellulata. 
chordorrhiza 
teretiuscula. 
paradoxa. 
S. Carex Buxbaumii. 
I. limosa. 
S. Magellanica. 
ustulata. 
livida. 
I. pallescens. 
maritima. 
I. caespitosa. 
I. acuta. 
stricta. 
filiformis. 
I. S. Eleocharis palustris 
Eriophorum alpinum. 
Rhynchospora alba. 
Alopecurus pratensis/ 
I. Milium effusum. 
S. Phalaris arundinacea. 
I.S. Phragmites commimi 
* I. Hierochloe borealis. 
* 
pauciflora. 
S. 
acicularis. 
S. Scirpus triqueter. 
S. lacustris. 
* I. Catabrosa aquatica. 
* I.S. Glyceria lluitans. 
* I. Atropis distans. 
I. Festuca elatior. 
S. Bromus ciliaris. 
I. S. Triticum caninum. 
S. Hordeum jubatum. 
Altogether there are absent in Greenland upwards of 230 Arctic European species, 
which are all of them American plants. The most curious feature of this list is the absence 
throughout Greenland of the genera Spircea, Senecio, Astragalus, Trifolium, Phaca, 
Oxytropis, Androsace, Aster, Myosotis, Rosa, Bibes, Thlaspi, Sisymbrium, Geranium, &c, 
and of such ubiquitous arctic species as Fragaria vesca, Caltha palustris *, Barb«rea 
precox. 
Iceland. 
It 
is 
remarkable that Astragalinew are also absent from Spitzbergen and 
Iceland possesses 432 species ( T> ° n J )e0 ' 9 ^ 5 ), amongst which I find about 120 Arctic 
European plants that do not enter Greenland ; whereas only 50 of the European plants that 
inhabit Greenland are absent in Iceland. The more remarkable desiderata of Iceland are 
Astragalmece, Anemone, Aconitum, Bray a, Turritis, Artemisia, and Androsace ; Alope- 
curus alpinus, iMzula arcuata, RierocUoe alpina, Bubus ckamatomorw, Cassiopeia tetra- 
A 
montana. Antennaria dioica, and Chrysospleni 
Iternifolium. On the 
other hand, Iceland contains of arctic genera absent in Greenland ; Caltha (one of the most 
common plants about Icelandic dwellings), Cakile, Geranium, Trifolium, Spiraa, Senecio, 
and Orchis. 
But perhaps the most remarkable fact of all connected with the Greenland flora is that 
its southern and temperate districts, which present a coast of 400 miles, extending south 
to lat. 60° N.L., do not add more than 74 species to its flora, and these are almost 
ceptionably Arctic European plants ; and inasmuch 
these additional species increase 
the proportion of Monocotyledons to Dicotyledons of the whole flora, Greenland as 
^hole is botanically more arctic in vegetation than Arctic Greenland alone * 
a 
B 
The only American forms which Temperate Greenland adds to its flora are, 
culm Cymbalariw, Pyrus Americana, a very trifling variety of the European Aucuparia 
Viola Muhlenbergii, a mere variety of V. canina, Arenaria Graalandica, a plant elsewhere 
' 
2%. 
• This is the more remarkable because it forms a conspicuous feature in Iceland, and is a frequent native of all the 
Arctic American coasts and islands. 
