DR. HOOKER ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF ARCTIC PLANTS. 321 
Euppii and montana varieties of canina. Babington, in Henfrey's * Bot. Gazette,' 1850, 
p. 141, roughly discriminates three British forms: — sylvatica, Fr., 'Herb. Norm/ {canina 
/3, Fries, Novit. 272; sylvestris, Koch, non Lam.); canina, Linn, (sylcestris, Lam.), with 
a var. /3 including lactea, Sm. ; and stagnina, Kit. {per sic arfolia , Fr. ; lactea, Reich.), which 
I do not find quoted in any Arctic Flora, and so have not entered in my list of names. 
V. arenaria, DC, is very closely allied to ca nina ; and though distinct in appearance, il 
is difficult to find any good characters. Bentham quotes both lactea and syhatica 
as varieties under canina. 
■ 
V. Muhlenbergii, Torrey (Muhlenbergiana, Ging.). Torrey and Gray remark how very 
near this is to canina ; and in the ' Flora Boreali- Americana ' the difficulty of pointing 
out diagnostic characters is admitted; it is, however, kept up by all authors, and is 
no doubt a permanently but slightly altered form. It is found in Greenland. 
V. bicolor, Pursh, is regarded by the American botanists as a variety of artensis, DC, 
itself a form of V. tricolor; to me it appears to be a permanently distinct plant, though 
■a 
but feeble diagnostic characters. Both tricolor and arvensis are Arctic Europ 
and Siberian ; but bicolor alone is American, and found only to the eastward of the llocky 
Mountains. 
Dianthus repens, Willd. This, which is not Scandinavian, appears to me nothing but 
an arctic form of alpina, L. Both are arctic. 
D. dentosus, Fisch., appears the same with D. Segnieri, Vill., or so nearly allied t lint it 
is difficult to distinguish them. Neither are natives of Scandinavia . 
Silene inflata, L., and S. maritima, L. I have kept these forms apart, though they arc 
united by many authors (Bentham included). In the arctic regions they are distinguish- 
able. S. maritima has not been found on the Pacific coasts, though S. inflata occurs in 
N. E. Asia ? Watson observes that, on the coast of Britain, some forms of maritima 
become so very like those of inflata as to be hardly distinguishable. 
if. paucifolia, Ledeb., from the shores of the Arctic Ocean, is unknown to me ; it is a 
plant of Pallas, and evidently very near, if not identical with 8. inflata. 
Lychnis apetala, L. I have no hesitation in saying that no satisfactory limits can b< 
assigned to the six forms ranged under this name. In the Himalaya, where it is abundant 
at great elevations {macrorhiza and cuneifolia, Boyle), I have observed it to be singularly 
variable in most or all of those characters which have been employed to separate its forms 
in other countries. Durand (Kane's Voyage, Appendix) finds the characters of paucifbra 
Fisch., and imiflora, Led., to be present in Greenland specimens. Fries keeps apetala and 
"ffinis distinct, the former being found throughout Lapland, the latter rare ; he distin- 
guishes affinis by its flowers, erect at period of expansion, and obovate angular (not reni- 
form) seeds. 
L. sylvestris, Schkr., is doica a of Linnaeus, and diurna, Sibth. L. pratensis, Spr., is 
dioica |3, L., and vespertina, Sibth. Bentham keeps them distinct. 
Sagixa ccespitosa, 3. Vahl, is Arenaria caspitosa, Fl. Dan. 2289, according to Lange. 
S. intermedia, Fenzl in Rupr. Flor. Samojed., is the same with nivalis, Fr. 
& saxatilis, Wimni., is the same with Zmnai, Presl, and approaches very closely both 
