330 
DR. HOOKER ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF ARCTIC PLANTS. 
S. cestivalis, Eisch., is reduced to punctata by Ledebour. 
Conioselinum Tataricum, Eisch., and Selinum Gmelini, De Bray, are both synonyms 
of C. Fischeri, Wimin. 
Archangelica Z^or«ta?, Eries. Wahlenberg originally regarded this as a variety, and, 
I think, rightly, its characters being slight and of relative value only. Ledebour doubts its 
claims. Eries, who keeps it distinct, discusses the species (Summa, p. 181). 
A. Norceglca, Tabern., is not contained in Eries' s « Summa.' Ruprecht (Flor. Samojed.) 
gives it as the Angelica Archangelica /3 of Linnaeus, and adds that it is most highly 
esteemed as an article of food. 
A. atropurpurea, Hoffm. This is the " Common Archangelica " of American authors, 
which, according to the specimen I have seen and descriptions I have compared, differs 
very slightly from Angelica Archangelica, L. The Fhysolophium saxatile, Turcz. {Casio- 
pleurum [Fleurospermum, Bong.] Gmelini, Led. fid. Elor. Ochotsk.), is, as far as I can 
make out from descriptions, either a form of Archangelica officinalis, or some very closely 
allied plant which I cannot distinguish from its forms. 
Athamanta arctica, Nym., is Libanotis arctica, Rupr., a plant of which but one specimen 
is known, differing, according to its author, from condensata, L., in the colour of the flower 
only. DeCandolle reduces condensata to a var. of A. Libanotis, L. ; and A. Sibirtca is 
only another form of the same species. 
Heracleum arcticum, Rupr. I have not seen this plant, which, from a careful compa- 
rison of its description with H. Sibiricum, I take to be an arctic state of that plant. 
Pachypleurum alplnum, Led., is the same with Gaya {Neogaya) simplex, Gaud. 
Bium latifolium, L., is stated by Gunner to be an inhabitant of Tromsce (Wahlenberg) ; 
but I do not find so northern a habitat confirmed by Eries or Andersson, and so have not 
included the species. 
Viburnum Opulus, L., scarcely reaches the arctic circle in Lapland. V. Oxy coccus, Pursh, 
is finally identified with it by A. Gray. 
Galium uliginosum, L. Watson remarks that states of this are frequently confounded 
with palustre and pusillum, which may well be the case with arctic specimens. 
G. trifidum. L. Ruprecht calls the European plant /3. Etiropceum, and indicates some 
differences, which I do not think hold in the extensive suite of specimens I have examined. 
G. Claytoni was thought to be distinct in ' Elor. Bor.-Am.,' but is reduced by Torrey and 
Gray, and by Ledebour. 
G. infestum, W. K. Eries considers this to be a variety of Aparine ; and it alone is 
Lapponian. 
G. saxatile, L., does not advance north of Southern Norway, nor west of Uralian 
Siberia ; hence its being arctic in Greenland is remarkable. It is also Icelandic. 
Nardosmia frigkla, Hk., corymbosa, Hk., and sagittata, Hk., are clearly all forms of 
one rather variable plant, connected by intermediates. 
N. straminea, Cass. United with N. laevigata, DC, by Ledebour ; but Ruprecht con- 
siders it different. 
