332 DR. HOOKER ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF ARCTIC PLANTS 
Antennaria hyperborea, Don, is considered by Pries to be a corymbose form of 
dioica, Br. 
Gnaphalium Norvegicum, Gunn. Pries and Koch consider this a distinct species 
from sylvaticum, both being Lapponian. Watson finds the British Norvegicum so linked to 
sylvaticum, that he is obliged to treat them as one. Bentham considers Norvegicum a 
high-arctic and alpine form of sylvaticum. 
G. pilulare, Wahl., is reduced to a var. of uliginosum by Pries. 
Arnica montana, L., certainly includes the three which I have included under it, 
and which hardly deserve to be ranked as constant varieties. Pries keeps alpina 
distinct, and assigns it a more northern habitat than montana. Torrey and Gray unite 
angustifolia, Vahl, with alpina, Laest., and make of it montana /3. alpina. The angusti- 
folia, H. & A., is by the same authors considered the same as alpina, and called angusti- 
folia /3. Lessingii ; they observe, at the same time, that the arctic forms, though so very 
closely approaching, appear quite distinct in more southern habitats. Durand (Kane's 
Voy.) unites alpina, "Wahl., plan tag inea andfulgens, Pursh, with montana, var. alpina, L. 
Senecio resedcefolius, Less., is Arctic Russian, but not Lapponian. 
S. arcticus, liupr., is Cineraria congesta, Br., " sensu latiore ?" of Pries; and C. congesto, 
Br., is reduced by him to a northern var. of S. palustris. The absence of both this and 
campestris in Greenland is very remarkable. 
S. campestris, L. I have very carefully compared many specimens of the plants placed 
under this, and am quite unable to discriminate between their forms. According to Koch 
and Pries, Cineraria alpina includes C. campestris, Retz. C aurantiaca, Hoppe, is kept 
distinct by Koch, but united by Pries as a var. of C. alpina. 
S. octoglossus, Ledeb., is referred by Pries to nemorensis, which in Scandinavia is not 
found south of Lapland. 
Ligularia Sibirica, L., is found only in Past Lapland and Arctic Russia, Pinland, &c, 
11 ot in Nordland. 
Solidago multiradiata, Aiton, is the Virga-aurea y of Torrey and Gray, and e. arctica 
of Ledebour. 
Aster llichardsoni, Spr., and montanus, Richardson, are referred to Sibiricus by Pries, 
and, I think, rightly ; also doubtfully by Ruprecht. Trautvetter (Flora Boganid.) refers 
Bichardsoni to Sibiricus /3. subintegerrima. 
A.pygnmus, T. &. G. I have vainly sought to distinguish this from salsuginosus. 
A. alp'mus, L. (with which A. Jiaccidus, Bunge, of Siberia and Dahuria appears to be 
identical), is not reputed to be Scandinavian, but a native of the Alps and Carpathians. 
A.falcatus, Lindl., is certainly nothing but multijlorus, Ait. 
Erigeron trifidns, Hook., is identical with compositus, Psh., as is now well known. 
E. elmgatus, Led. Pries, who keeps this distinct, says (in Herb. Norm.) that it should 
rather be considered a form of acris, of which it appears to me to be a mere variety, and 
a very slight one. 
EpoUtus, Fr. This also Fries keeps distinct ; he considers it most allied to alpinus, and 
