334 DR. HOOKER ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF ARCTIC PLANTS 
Vaccinium pubescens, Wormsk. (Flor. Dan. 1516), a Greenland plant, is referred to 
uliginosum variety by Lange. 
Vaccinium (Oxyococctjs) microcarpum, Rupr., is included under O. palustris by Ny- 
man, and is clearly nothing but a small-fruited state of that plant. 
Calltjna vulgaris, L., is mentioned inDeCandolle's ' Prodromus,' on the authority of a 
specimen gathered by La Pylaie, as a native of Newfoundland ; but I find no confirmation 
of this habitat, nor is it found in any part of the American continent. In the Old World 
it wanders no further east than the Ural district. 
Ledum palustre, L. Asa Gray and DeCandolle distinguish two species, by the stamens 
5 and 10, leaves broad and narrow, and capsules ; but these do not affect different geo- 
graphical ranges, and Andersson, a most careful observer, says (Conspect. Veg. Lapp. 
18, in note), " inter hanc varietatem (latifolium) et normalem tarn multi animadvertuntur 
transitus, ut nullo modo distingui possint. Nostra planta foliis etiam latioribus, quam 
specimina Groenlandica, nonnunquamlecta." Of the three included species, L. dilatatum 
is ranked by Pries with palustre, to which also Grcenlandicum is referable — L. latifolium, 
Ait., is merged into palustre by Michaux and in 'Flor. Bor.-Am.' 
Pyrola rotundifolia, L. This I consider includes chlorantha, Sw., which, though not 
found in Arctic Europe, is said by Durand (Kane's Voyage) to be found in Greenland. 
As, however, Durand does not include grandiflora, Pad., and Lange makes no mention of 
chlorantha, it is possible that the same species is intended by both authors. 
P. Groenlandica is referred to rotundifolia in Flor. Bor.-Am., and by DeCandolle ; it is 
kept distinct by Lange, who refers it to grandiflora, Pad. 
P. elliptica, Nut., is certainly only a variety of rotundifolia, and is in most respects in- 
termediate between rotundifolia and chlorantha. 
P. media, L. Bentham is inclined to doubt if this be permanently distinct from P- 
minor. 
Ruprccht (Flor. Samojed.) mentions P. uniflora, L., as a doubtful native of Kolgujew 
Island, off the White Sea. 
Gentian a lingulata, Ag. Pries treats this as a distinct variety of Amarella, which 
alone is Lapponian. After a very careful examination of G. acuta, Mich., I am disposed 
to regard it as the Lapponian form of Amarella ; I cannot fix characters that will distin- 
guish them. Grisebach says of it, "Amarella simillima sed bene distincta species 
G. involucrata, Pottb. This very rare plant is also Icelandic. 
G. (Bstica, R. & S., is verna y of Grisebach ; it is not found in Lapland, any more than 
Pleurogyne rotata ; both, however, are Arctic Russian. 
Polemoxioi cceruleum, L. X have treated all the arctic forms of this variable plant as 
constituting an aggregate species. All are regarded as varieties in ■ Plora Boreali- Ameri- 
cana.' Ledebour makes pulchellum different, and includes capitatum and humile under it ; 
these, however, graduate quite insensibly into cceruleum. Ruprecht finds both in the 
arctic island of Kolgujew. It is very remarkable that this plant inhabits no part of 
Greenland but the east coast only, and at a very high latitude. 
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