DR. HOOKER ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF ARCTIC PLANTS. 313 
from latifolia by the crispate callosities on the labellum. "Watson includes the English 
media under latifolia, but doubts its being the same as Fries's plant. Bent ham unites the 
English one, which I have seen under cultivation in Dr. Lindley's garden, where it was 
considered by that learned author to be a slight variety of latifolia, and essentially the 
same as Fries' s media, though differing somewhat. 
Cypripedium acaule, Ait., is a synonym of hum He, according to A. Gray. 
C. Calceolus, L., is introduced into the Arctic European column on Ledebour's authority ; 
it is not in Fries' s List as an Arctic Lapland plant. 
Sisyrinchium JBermudianum, L. The distribution of this plant is very extensive, reach- 
ing from the arctic circle to the Bahamas; and I strongly suspect that an Andean and 
Chilian species is identifiable with it. 
S. anceps, Cav., is referred by A. Gray and others to a variety of "Bemmdiannm, L. 
Sparganium hyperboreum, Laest., is S. natans /3. submuticum, Ilartmann ; it is not in 
Fries's « Summa,' where S. natans appears as an Arctic Lapland species. 
Narthecium Americanum, Ker. This, though kept up in all the American Floras, 
appears to me to be absolutely identical with the European N. ossifragwn. 
Luzula spadicea, DC. All the species, &c, enumerated under this are considered 
varieties or synonyms, by Ernest Meyer in Ledebour's ■ Flora llossica.' L. glabra I 'a, Hoppe, 
is distinct according to Fries, and is the spadicea y of DeCandolle, and u Knnthii of 
E. Meyer ; it is distinguished by the usually single-flowered pedicels. L. parvijlora, 
Desv., also kept distinct by Fries, and found throughout Lapland, is spadicea i of E. Meyer. 
L. melanocarpa, Desv., is considered a var. oi parvijlora by Asa Gray. L. Wuhlenbergii, 
Bupr, is the same with spadicea n Kunthii, E. Meyer. For remarks on its distinctness 
from glabrata and parvijlora see Buprecht's 'Flor. Samojed.' Trautvetter (Plant. Taim.) 
observes that some of Buprecht's Wahlenbergii probably belong to a var. of hypertonia. 
L. pallescens, Wahl. Fries regards this as a species not yet fully established. Koch 
makes of it multiflora, var. e. E. Meyer and Bentham unite it, congesta, and multijlora 
vnth. campestris. 
L. multijlora, Ehr., is campestris /3 of DC. and E. Meyer. Fries and Koch keep it 
distinct and include congesta under it. 
L. hyperborea, Br. E. Meyer and most authors unite this with arcuata, Hook, 
distinguishes it specifically by its plane leaves and capitate spikes. 
i. vemalis, DC, is referred to pilosa, by Koch, E. Meyer, and most authors. 
Junctjs biglumis, L., and trigltmis, L., are united by Bentham, and are possibly states 
of one plant, though always so distinguishable that most other authors keep them apart. 
J. conglomerate, L., and effusus, L., the two principal forms of /. communis, Ehr., are 
both arctic. . ' , ' 
J. Balticus, Willd. Bentham observes that this is probably a luxuriant form of 
arcticus. 
* nliginosus, Roth. Fries and Koch keep this (the mpinus, Mcench.) distinct from 
articulatus. E. Meyer regards them as synonyms. 
Fr 
