350 DR. T. S. COBBOLD, FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON ENTOZOA. 
is comparatively narrow and tortuous at the upper half, where it passes between, and 
apparently contributes to separate, the two well-developed and irregularly oval-shaped 
testes. The inferior half is much broader, and is occupied by numerous glittering cor- 
puscles, which are especially numerous at the lower end. The character of these particles 
has already been accurately described by Wedl, "Wagner, and others ; but I did not observe 
any of them connected together in the form of cellular masses, such as Claparede has 
described as occurring in the excretory ducts of Holostomata. In connexion with the 
reproductive system, I may notice the circumstance of a pair of these flukes being found 
sexually united, as represented in fig. 2 ; an observation so rare, that it has, I believe, led 
some to infer that the hermaphroditic flukes were capable of self-impregnation. Even 
Bilharz's discovery of a trematode specially furnished with a gynsecophoric canal, aiforded 
no direct proof of a true sexual function in the androgynous Distomata, because in his 
aberrant form — as obtains also in a few others— -the sexes are separate. Many thousands 
of flukes must have now passed under my examination, and yet this is the first instance 
which I have observed a true sexual 
I am not acquainted with any 
similar observation on record, in so far as it affects the truly hermaphroditic species. In 
the instance now mentioned, the opposed suckers were so firmly adherent that it was 
found impossible to detach the animals without breaking them up piecemeal. Lastly, I 
may notice that the ova (/', fig. 1) contained in the uterine folds have a longitudinal diameter 
of only yJo of an inch. 
2. Pentastoma denticulatum, Rudolph 
Pentastom 
Wieg 
Kiiche 
Me 
Medecin 
Remarks.— Although it is clear from the investigations of Schubert and Van Beneden 
respecting the condition and development of the embryo of Pentastoma, that this genus is 
closely allied to the Acarida?., its habits are so intimately associated with those of Entozoa 
proper, that there can be no impropriety in offering a short notice in this place. 
On the 10th of February, 1859, I obtained numerous examples from the viscera of a 
Bubale^ {Antilope Bubalis, Pallas), which had died the day previous at the Zoological 
Society's Gardens. The greater part of these worms occupied the surface of the lungs and 
intestines ; a considerable number, however, being enclosed in cysts beneath the pulmonary 
pleura. Fifteen or more having been taken away for the purposes of microscopic exami- 
nation and experiment, I had ample opportunity of watching the movements of the 
cephalic claws whilst the animals were still living. I may here remark, that these claws 
do not in any way resemble those of the Tape-worm family, but, in strict accordance with 
other external features, show that the Pentastomes belong to an entirely different type. 
Placed under the half-inch objective, with the ventral surface uppermost, the transparency 
of the body permits a full view of the apparatus of hooks, as displayed in the accompanying 
drawing (fig. 3). It will be here noticed that the points of the claws are directed towards 
the observer, and not towards the longitudinal axis of the body as Kuchenmeister's figure 
C Parasiten,' tab. viii. fig. 11) would lead one to suppose ; moreover, the claws are placed 
